中文｜English
ISSN 1001-5256 (Print)
ISSN 2097-3497 (Online)
CN 22-1108/R
Volume 41 Issue 6
Jun.  2025
Turn off MathJax
Article Contents
Article Navigation >  Journal of Clinical Hepatology  > 2025  >  41(6): 1008-1015

Syndrome evolution of acute-on-chronic liver failure and ideas for diagnosis and treatment

DOI: 10.12449/JCH250602

  • Department of Hepatology，The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine，Changsha 410007，China

Research funding:

National Science and Technology Major Project (2008ZX10005-007);

High Level Key Discipline Construction Project of Traditional Chinese Medicine by the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (zyyzdxk-2023146);

National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base Business Contruction Research Special Project (JDZX2012061);

General Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China (81973833);

General Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China (81673959);

Scientific Research Fund of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (JDZX2012061);

General Project of Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (2025JJ50697);

General Project of Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (2020JJ4475)

More Information
  • Corresponding author: SUN Kewei， keweisun550@163.com （ORCID： 0000-0002-9734-3717）
  • Received Date: 2025-04-04
  • Accepted Date: 2025-05-02
  • Published Date: 2025-06-25
    Abstract
  • Acute-on-chronic liver failure （ACLF） is an acute and critical illness with a high short-term mortality rate， and current therapies mainly focus on elimination of causes， organ support， and prevention of complications. Although liver transplantation is the most effective treatment modality， its clinical application is limited， and traditional Chinese medicine has shown significant advantages and characteristics in the treatment of ACLF. In traditional Chinese medicine， ACLF is classified into the same category as diseases such as “jaundice”， and unlike traditional jaundice which is mostly characterized by excess and heat syndromes， the syndrome of ACLF has gradually transformed from Yang jaundice to Yin jaundice due to the changing disease spectrum of ACLF. With reference to the pathogenesis of ACLF in Western medicine and traditional Chinese medicine theories， this article discusses the essential pathogenesis of ACLF in traditional Chinese medicine， explores the evolution of ACLF syndromes， and reviews the research advances in the clinical efficacy and mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine based on the three-factor differentiation-based treatment of damp-heat， blood stasis-heat， and spleen deficiency， as well as the safety of spleen-strengthening and Yang-warming drugs in the clinical treatment of ACLF， in order to provide ideas， methods， and evidence for the application of traditional Chinese medicine in ACLF.

     

    • FullText(HTML)
  • loading
    • References(45)
  • [1]
    Liver Failure and Artificial Liver Group, Chinese Society of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Medical Association; Severe Liver Disease and Artificial Liver Group, Chinese Society of Hepatology, Chinese Medical Association. Guideline for diagnosis and treatment of liver failure(2024 version)[J]. J Clin Hepatol, 2024, 40( 12): 2371- 2387. DOI: 10.12449/JCH241206.

    中华医学会感染病学分会肝衰竭与人工肝学组, 中华医学会肝病学分会重型肝病与人工肝学组. 肝衰竭诊治指南(2024年版)[J]. 临床肝胆病杂志, 2024, 40( 12): 2371- 2387. DOI: 10.12449/JCH241206.
    [2]
    NGU NLY, FLANAGAN E, BELL S, et al. Acute-on-chronic liver failure: Controversies and consensus[J]. World J Gastroenterol, 2023, 29( 2): 232- 240. DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i2.232.
    [3]
    MOREAU R, JALAN R, GINES P, et al. Acute-on-chronic liver failure is a distinct syndrome that develops in patients with acute decompensation of cirrhosis[J]. Gastroenterology, 2013, 144( 7): 1426- 1437, 1437. e1- 1437. e9. DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2013.02.042.
    [4]
    SARIN SK, CHOUDHURY A, SHARMA MK, et al. Acute-on-chronic liver failure: consensus recommendations of the Asian Pacific association for the study of the liver(APASL): An update[J]. Hepatol Int, 2019, 13( 4): 353- 390. DOI: 10.1007/s12072-019-09946-3.
    [5]
    BAJAJ JS, O’LEARY JG, LAI JC, et al. Acute-on-chronic liver failure clinical guidelines[J]. Am J Gastroenterol, 2022, 117( 2): 225- 252. DOI: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000001595.
    [6]
    WU TZ, LI J, SHAO L, et al. Development of diagnostic criteria and a prognostic score for hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure[J]. Gut, 2018, 67( 12): 2181- 2191. DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2017-314641.
    [7]
    European Association for the Study of the Liver. EASL clinical practice guidelines on acute-on-chronic liver failure[J]. J Hepatol, 2023, 79( 2): 461- 491. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2023.04.021.
    [8]
    BAJAJ JS, O’LEARY JG, REDDY KR, et al. Survival in infection-related acute-on-chronic liver failure is defined by extrahepatic organ failures[J]. Hepatology, 2014, 60( 1): 250- 256. DOI: 10.1002/hep.27077.
    [9]
    SOLÉ C, SOLÀ E, MORALES-RUIZ M, et al. Characterization of inflammatory response in acute-on-chronic liver failure and relationship with prognosis[J]. Sci Rep, 2016, 6: 32341. DOI: 10.1038/srep32341.
    [10]
    CLÀRIA J, STAUBER RE, COENRAAD MJ, et al. Systemic inflammation in decompensated cirrhosis: Characterization and role in acute-on-chronic liver failure[J]. Hepatology, 2016, 64( 4): 1249- 1264. DOI: 10.1002/hep.28740.
    [11]
    LI J, LIANG X, JIANG J, et al. PBMC transcriptomics identifies immune-metabolism disorder during the development of HBV-ACLF[J]. Gut, 2022, 71( 1): 163- 175. DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-323395.
    [12]
    ARROYO V, MOREAU R, JALAN R. Acute-on-chronic liver failure[J]. N Engl J Med, 2020, 382( 22): 2137- 2145. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMra1914900.
    [13]
    FERNÁNDEZ J, ACEVEDO J, WIEST R, et al. Bacterial and fungal infections in acute-on-chronic liver failure: Prevalence, characteristics and impact on prognosis[J]. Gut, 2018, 67( 10): 1870- 1880. DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2017-314240.
    [14]
    HUANG ZL, GAO ZL. Triple attack of liver failure and its treatment strategy[J]. J Crit Care Intern Med, 2014, 20( 3): 154- 156. DOI: 10.11768/nkjwzzzz20140304.

    黄湛镰, 高志良. 肝衰竭的三重打击及治疗策略[J]. 内科急危重症杂志, 2014, 20( 3): 154- 156. DOI: 10.11768/nkjwzzzz20140304.
    [15]
    LI Q, WANG J, LU MJ, et al. Acute-on-chronic liver failure from chronic-hepatitis-B, who is the behind scenes[J]. Front Microbiol, 2020, 11: 583423. DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.583423.
    [16]
    HE LL, CAI Q, LIANG X, et al. ETS2 alleviates acute-on-chronic liver failure by suppressing excessive inflammation[J]. J Med Virol, 2023, 95( 4): e28710. DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28710.
    [17]
    ZHANG HN, CHEN ZW. Present situation and prospect of TCM treatment of systemic inflammatory response syndrome[J]. J Emerg Tradit Chin Med, 2010, 19( 7): 1187- 1188, 1196. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-745X.2010.07.062.

    张宏宁, 陈志维. 全身炎症反应综合征的中医药治疗现状及展望[J]. 中国中医急症, 2010, 19( 7): 1187- 1188, 1196. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-745X.2010.07.062.
    [18]
    MO XA, JIANG KP, LI JH. A clinical study on change of TNF-α and IL-6 in patients with damp-heat syndrome of HBV associated with acute-on-chronic liver failure treated by Ganlu Xiaodu Dan[J]. Chin J Integr Tradit West Med Liver Dis, 2018, 28( 2): 88- 89, 100. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0264.2018.02.007.

    莫小艾, 蒋开平, 李建鸿. 甘露消毒丹影响慢加急性肝衰竭患者肿瘤坏死因子α和白介素6表达的临床研究[J]. 中西医结合肝病杂志, 2018, 28( 2): 88- 89, 100. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0264.2018.02.007.
    [19]
    SONG ZF, PENG J, CHEN B, et al. Effects of clearing and warming method on the expression of Treg/Th17 cytokine in HBV-ACLF patients with non-syndrome of Yang jaundice[J]. China J Tradit Chin Med Pharm, 2018, 33( 12): 5687- 5691.

    宋征福, 彭杰, 陈斌, 等. 清温并用法对HBV-ACLF非阳黄证患者Treg/Th17型细胞因子表达的影响[J]. 中华中医药杂志, 2018, 33( 12): 5687- 5691.
    [20]
    LIU GW, ZHAO WX, LI MM, et al. Influence of Jianpi Qinghua decoction drug serum in vitro for patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure in T lymphocytes and cytokines[J]. Liaoning J Tradit Chin Med, 2017, 44( 4): 748- 750, 893. DOI: 10.13192/j.issn.1000-1719.2017.04.028.

    刘光伟, 赵文霞, 李明明, 等. 健脾清化方药物血清对慢加急性肝衰竭患者体外T淋巴细胞及其细胞因子的影响[J]. 辽宁中医杂志, 2017, 44( 4): 748- 750, 893. DOI: 10.13192/j.issn.1000-1719.2017.04.028.
    [21]
    ALBILLOS A, de GOTTARDI A, RESCIGNO M. The gut-liver axis in liver disease: Pathophysiological basis for therapy[J]. J Hepatol, 2020, 72( 3): 558- 577. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2019.10.003.
    [22]
    ADAK A, KHAN MR. An insight into gut microbiota and its functionalities[J]. Cell Mol Life Sci, 2019, 76( 3): 473- 493. DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2943-4.
    [23]
    SUN KW, CHEN B, HUANG YH, et al. Clinical observation on chronic severe hepatitis B treated by principles of cooling-blood and detoxicating combined with clearing-heat and resolving-damp or combined with strengthening-pi and warming-Yang[J]. Chin J Integr Tradit West Med, 2006, 26( 11): 981- 983. DOI: 10.7661/CJIM.2006.11.981.

    孙克伟, 陈斌, 黄裕红, 等. 凉血解毒、清热化湿和凉血解毒、健脾温阳法治疗慢性重型肝炎的临床观察[J]. 中国中西医结合杂志, 2006, 26( 11): 981- 983. DOI: 10.7661/CJIM.2006.11.981.
    [24]
    SUN KW, GONG L, CHEN B, et al. Efficacy and safety of Ganluxiaodudan(TCM decoction) treatment in patients with chronic severe hepatitis B[J]. Chin J Integr Tradit West Med Liver Dis, 2010, 20( 3): 135- 137. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0264.2010.03.003.

    孙克伟, 龚磊, 陈斌, 等. 温法干预治疗慢性乙型重型肝炎阳黄湿热内蕴(湿重于热)证的临床疗效与安全性研究[J]. 中西医结合肝病杂志, 2010, 20( 3): 135- 137. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0264.2010.03.003.
    [25]
    SUN KW, CHEN B, HUANG YH, et al. Clinical characteristics of Icterus in patients with chronic severe hepatitis B[J]. Chin J Integr Tradit West Med Liver Dis, 2010, 20( 1): 8- 11. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0264.2010.01.003.

    孙克伟, 陈斌, 黄裕红, 等. 慢性乙型重型肝炎不同黄疸证的临床特点研究[J]. 中西医结合肝病杂志, 2010, 20( 1): 8- 11. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0264.2010.01.003.
    [26]
    PENG J, CHEN B, SUN KW, et al. Retrospective analysis of distribution and evolution characteristics of syndrome dampness heat-blood stasis-spleen deficiency of chronic severe hepatitis B[J]. Chin J Integr Tradit West Med Liver Dis, 2011, 21( 3): 135- 138. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0264.2011.03.003.

    彭杰, 陈斌, 孙克伟, 等. 慢性乙型重型肝炎“湿热-血瘀-脾虚”证候分布与演变特点的回顾性分析[J]. 中西医结合肝病杂志, 2011, 21( 3): 135- 138. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0264.2011.03.003.
    [27]
    ZHAO G. Wang Lingtai’s theory of“introducing yellow”[J]. J Tradit Chin Med, 2006, 47( 1): 74- 75. DOI: 10.13288/j.11-2166/r.2006.01.050.

    赵钢. 王灵台论“介黄”[J]. 中医杂志, 2006, 47( 1): 74- 75. DOI: 10.13288/j.11-2166/r.2006.01.050.
    [28]
    SUN KW.‘Yanghuang-Yinyanghuang-Yinhuang’ syndrome differentiation and treatment model for the treatment of liver failure[J]. Liver Doctor, 2023, 2: 45- 46.

    孙克伟.“阳黄-阴阳黄-阴黄”辨证论治模式治疗肝衰竭[J]. 肝博士, 2023, 2: 45- 46.
    [29]
    LI HM. Evolution rule of jaundice syndromes in chronic sever hepatitis[J]. Chin J Integr Tradit West Med Liver Dis, 2009, 19( 3): 148- 150. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0264.2009.03.008.

    李瀚旻. 慢性重型肝炎黄疸证候演变规律[J]. 中西医结合肝病杂志, 2009, 19( 3): 148- 150. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0264.2009.03.008.
    [30]
    ZHU YY, LIANG S, ZHOU B. Feature analysis of hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure with bacterial infection and its distribu-tion rules of traditional Chinese medicine syndrome[J]. Hebei J Tradit Chin Med, 2023, 45( 6): 970- 973. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-2619.2023.06.021.

    朱妍妍, 梁爽, 周波. 乙型肝炎病毒相关慢加急性肝衰竭合并细菌感染患者的特征及中医证候分布特征分析[J]. 河北中医, 2023, 45( 6): 970- 973. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-2619.2023.06.021.
    [31]
    YU SM, SUN KW, ZHANG ZG, et al. Traditional Chinese medicine syndrome element, evolutionary patterns of patients with hepatitis B virus-related acute on chronic liver failure at different stages: A multi-center clinical study[J]. J Tradit Chin Med, 2024, 65( 12): 1262- 1268. DOI: 10.13288/j.11-2166/r.2024.12.012.

    余思邈, 孙克伟, 张振刚, 等. 乙型肝炎病毒相关慢加急性肝衰竭不同分期患者中医证素、证型演变规律的多中心临床研究[J]. 中医杂志, 2024, 65( 12): 1262- 1268. DOI: 10.13288/j.11-2166/r.2024.12.012.
    [32]
    CHEN B, ZHANG L, PENG J, et al. Retrospective study of clinical features and traditional Chinese medicine syndrome characteristics on HBV-ACLF patients with bacterial infection[J]. Chin J Exp Tradit Med Formulae, 2020, 26( 2): 39- 44. DOI: 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20200224.

    陈斌, 张丽, 彭杰, 等. 乙型肝炎相关性慢加急性肝衰竭细菌感染临床特点及中医证候回顾性分析[J]. 中国实验方剂学杂志, 2020, 26( 2): 39- 44. DOI: 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20200224.
    [33]
    LI J, WANG LF, LI FN, et al. Multi-regional and multi-center randomized controlled study of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine in the treatment of acute-on-chronic(subacute) liver failure[C]. The 4th National Academic Conference on Infectious Diseases of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine. Shanghai, 2012: 1.

    李筠, 王立福, 李丰衣, 等. 中西医结合治疗慢加急性(亚急性)肝衰竭多地域多中心随机对照研究[C]. 全国第4届中西医结合传染病学术会议. 上海, 2012: 1.
    [34]
    TU YL, SUN KW. Analysis of the therapeutic effect of HBV-ACLF intervention based on the“Yang Jaundice-Yin-Yang Jaundices-Yin Jaundice” syndrome differentiation and treatment model[J]. Chin J Integr Tradit West Med Dig, 2024, 32( 3): 195- 202. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-038X.2024.03.03.

    涂雨落, 孙克伟. 基于“阳黄-阴阳黄-阴黄”辨证论治模式治疗HBV相关慢加急性肝衰竭的临床疗效分析[J]. 中国中西医结合消化杂志, 2024, 32( 3): 195- 202. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-038X.2024.03.03.
    [35]
    JIANG ZR, XU JH, ZOU M, et al. Observation on the efficacy of Yinchenhao decoction combined with Western medicine in the treatment of HBV-related acute-on-chronic liver failure[J]. J Emerg Tradit Chin Med, 2024, 33( 1): 139- 141. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-745X.2024.01.036.

    蒋兆荣, 徐继红, 邹梅, 等. 茵陈蒿汤联合西医治疗HBV相关慢加急性肝衰竭的疗效观察[J]. 中国中医急症, 2024, 33( 1): 139- 141. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-745X.2024.01.036.
    [36]
    CAO CL, SUN KW, HU L, et al. Yinchenhao decoction upgrate Axl to inhibit apoptosis of dendretic cells of acute-onchronic liver failure rats[J]. Chin J Integr Tradit West Med Liver Dis, 2015, 25( 2): 95- 98, 131. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0264.2015.02.011.

    曹承楼, 孙克伟, 胡莉, 等. 茵陈蒿汤上调树突状细胞Axl抑制慢加急性肝衰竭大鼠肝脏树突状细胞凋亡[J]. 中西医结合肝病杂志, 2015, 25( 2): 95- 98, 131. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0264.2015.02.011.
    [37]
    LONG FL, CHEN XM, WANG N, et al. Based on the expression ratio of IL-17 in CD4+T cells, the effect of Jiedu Huayu Granule on the prognosis of chronic acute liver failure was observed[J]. Lishizhen Med Mater Med Res, 2017, 28( 4): 796- 798. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-0805.2017.04.010.

    龙富立, 陈小明, 王娜, 等. 基于IL-17在CD4+T细胞表达比例观察解毒化瘀颗粒对慢加急性肝衰竭预后干预的研究[J]. 时珍国医国药, 2017, 28( 4): 796- 798. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-0805.2017.04.010.
    [38]
    WANG N, WANG S, TANG N, et al. A detoxification and stasis-resolving granules-dominated combination therapy in patients with hepatitis B acute-on-chronic liver failure[J]. Chin J Integr Tradit West Med Liver Dis, 2014, 24( 4): 207- 209. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0264.2014.04.005.

    王娜, 王沙, 唐农, 等. 以解毒化瘀颗粒为主导中西医结合治疗乙型慢加急性肝衰竭的临床研究[J]. 中西医结合肝病杂志, 2014, 24( 4): 207- 209. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0264.2014.04.005.
    [39]
    LIU ZF, ZHOU W, LI ZT, et al. Liangxue-Jiedu decoction alleviates acute-on-chronic liver failure by inhibiting TLR4/JNK/NF-κB signaling pathway[J]. Acta Lab Animalis Sci Sin, 2024, 32( 8): 1032- 1038.

    刘政芳, 周文, 李振挺, 等. 基于TLR4/JNK/NF-κB通路探讨凉血解毒化瘀方治疗慢加急肝衰竭的作用机制[J]. 中国实验动物学报, 2024, 32( 8): 1032- 1038.
    [40]
    CHEN B, HUANG YH, GONG L, et al. Clinical comparison of strengthening spleen and warming Yang and clearing heat and removing dampness in treating chronic severe hepatitis after plasma replacement[J]. Chin J Integr Tradit West Med Liver Dis, 2008, 18( 6): 368- 370. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0264.2008.06.021.

    陈斌, 黄裕红, 龚磊, 等. 健脾温阳与清热化湿法治疗血浆置换术后慢性重型肝炎的临床比较[J]. 中西医结合肝病杂志, 2008, 18( 6): 368- 370. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0264.2008.06.021.
    [41]
    ZHU WF, SUN KW, CHEN B, et al. Effect of Wenyang Jiedu Huayu prescription on intestinal bacteria in patients with HBV related liver failure[J]. Chin J Integr Tradit West Med Liver Dis, 2014, 24( 4): 214- 216. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0264.2014.04.007.

    朱文芳, 孙克伟, 陈斌, 等. 温阳解毒化瘀方对HBV相关肝衰竭患者肠道菌群的影响[J]. 中西医结合肝病杂志, 2014, 24( 4): 214- 216. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0264.2014.04.007.
    [42]
    DU S, WANG J, CHEN B, et al. Effect of Wenyang Jiedu Huayu Granule on TLR4 mRNA, TNF-α and hepatocyte apoptosis in IETM rats with hepatic failure[J]. Chin J Exp Tradit Med Formulae, 2020, 26( 2): 26- 32. DOI: 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20200222.

    杜珊, 王杰, 陈斌, 等. 温阳解毒化瘀颗粒对肝衰竭IETM大鼠TLR4 mRNA, TNF-α及肝细胞凋亡的影响[J]. 中国实验方剂学杂志, 2020, 26( 2): 26- 32. DOI: 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20200222.
    [43]
    CHEN B, WANG J, PENG J, et al. Effect of Wen-Yang Jie-du Hua-yu granules on TLR4 and NF-κB expression of rat hepatic failure model with intestinal endotoxemia[J]. Mod Tradit Chin Med Mater Med World Sci Technol, 2013, 15( 5): 818- 824.

    陈斌, 王杰, 彭杰, 等. 温阳解毒化瘀颗粒对肝衰竭肠源性内毒素血症大鼠TLR4、NF-κB表达的影响[J]. 世界科学技术-中医药现代化, 2013, 15( 5): 818- 824.
    [44]
    ZHANG XJ, GUO R, ZHANG YQ, et al. Effect of Wenyang Lishi Huayu decoction on early serum endotoxin and inflammatory factors in patients with HBV-related chronic and acute liver failure[J]. J Emerg Tradit Chin Med, 2022, 31( 1): 38- 41. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-745X.2022.01.009.

    张修举, 郭瑞, 张引强, 等. 温阳利湿化瘀方对乙肝相关慢加急性肝衰竭患者早期血清内毒素和炎症因子的影响[J]. 中国中医急症, 2022, 31( 1): 38- 41. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-745X.2022.01.009.
    [45]
    MA Y, SUN KW. Effect of Benzoylaconitine on peripheral blood dendritic cells in patients with HBV-ACLF of YaHS or YiHS[J]. Informat Tradit Chin Med, 2023, 40( 5): 39- 44, 50. DOI: 10.19656/j.cnki.1002-2406.20230506.

    马远, 孙克伟. 苯甲酰乌头原碱对HBV-ACLF阳黄证和阴黄证患者外周血树突细胞功能的影响[J]. 中医药信息, 2023, 40( 5): 39- 44, 50. DOI: 10.19656/j.cnki.1002-2406.20230506.
    • Relative Articles
    • Supplements(0)
    • Cited By
  • 加载中

Catalog

    通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com
    • 1. 

      沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院 沈阳 110142

    1. 本站搜索
    2. 百度学术搜索
    3. 万方数据库搜索
    4. CNKI搜索

    Figures(2)

    Get Citation
    PDF
    XML

    Article Metrics

    Article views (703) PDF downloads(49) Cited by()
    Proportional views
    Related
        

    The first journal specializing in hepatobiliary and pancreatic diseases in China

    Supervisor：Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China

    Sponsor：Jilin University

    Academic Support: Chinese Society of Hepatology，Chinese Medical Association

    Address: 461 Xinjiang Road, Changchun

    Submit：0431-88782044

    Peer review：0431-88783542

    Email：lcgdb@vip.163.com

    About Journal

    Submission Guideline

    Journal Online

    Hepatobiliary College

    Guidelines

    YesterdayIP[]YesterdayPV[]TodayIP[]TodayPV[]Online[]

    Website Design © 2020 Editorial Board of Journal of Clinical Hepatology 吉ICP备10000617号-1 Supported by: Beijing Renhe Information Technology Co. Ltd  

    /

    DownLoad:  Full-Size Img  PowerPoint
    Return
    Return