An excerpt of EASL-ERN clinical practice guidelines on Wilson’s disease （2025 edition）

In April 2025， the European Association for the Study of the Liver （EASL） released an updated edition of clinical practice guidelines on Wilson’s disease， and compared with the 2012 edition， the updated guidelines perform detailed elaboration and updates on clinical manifestations， diagnostic algorithms， treatment strategies， and monitoring protocols， emphasize the role of serum exchangeable copper in the diagnosis and monitoring of Wilson’s disease， and provide the reference ranges for clinical application. The updated guidelines also recommend and summarize the drugs for symptomatic treatment of neuropsychiatric symptoms， add a dedicated section on transitioning pediatric patients to adult care， and discuss the optimal timing， multidisciplinary team composition， and implementation frameworks of the transition plan. These updates fully reflect the latest evidence and the development of clinical needs in the diagnosis and treatment of Wilson’s disease. This article gives an excerpt of the recommendations in the guidelines.