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二维剪切波弹性成像联合血清学指标对原发性胆汁性胆管炎与重叠综合征的鉴别诊断价值

孙亚楠 王子弦 顾依晨 吴彬彬 谢淑慧 吴静

引用本文:
Citation:

二维剪切波弹性成像联合血清学指标对原发性胆汁性胆管炎与重叠综合征的鉴别诊断价值

DOI: 10.12449/JCH260816
基金项目: 

南通市卫生健康委员会科研课题专项 (MS2025049);

南通大学临床医学专项资助项目 (2025LY030)

伦理学声明:本研究方案于2025年11月13日经南通市第三人民医院伦理委员会审批通过,批号:EK2025096,所有患者均签署知情同意书。
利益冲突声明:本文不存在任何利益冲突。
作者贡献声明:孙亚楠负责课题设计,数据分析,撰写论文;王子弦、顾依晨负责统计分析及数据采集;吴彬彬、谢淑慧负责数据采集,论文审阅;吴静负责指导和论文修改。
详细信息
    通信作者:

    吴静, ntsywj@163.com (ORCID: 0000-0002-4037-3712)

Value of two-dimensional shear wave elastography combined with serological markers in the differential diagnosis of primary biliary cholangitis and overlap syndrome

Research funding: 

Nantong Municipal Health Commission Research Project (MS2025049);

Nantong University Special Research Fund for Clinical Medicine (2025LY030)

More Information
    Corresponding author: Wu Jing, ntsywj@163.com (ORCID: 0000-0002-4037-3712)
  • 摘要:   目的  二维剪切波弹性成像(2D-SWE)联合血清学指标构建机器学习模型,探讨其鉴别原发性胆汁性胆管炎(PBC)与重叠综合征(OS)的临床价值。  方法  回顾性纳入2021年1月—2025年12月于南通市第三人民医院经病理证实的199例PBC或OS患者为研究对象,其中PBC组125例、OS组74例。按7∶3的比例随机分为训练集(n=139)与测试集(n=60)。收集血清学指标、常规二维超声及2D-SWE参数[剪切波速度(VS)、肝纤维化指数(LFI)等]。符合正态分布的计量资料两组间比较采用成组t检验;非正态分布的计量资料两组间比较采用Mann-Whitney U检验。计数资料两组间比较采用χ2检验。通过单因素和多因素Logistic回归筛选独立预测因子,将筛选出的变量纳入6种机器学习模型,通过5折交叉验证优化参数,在测试集中比较受试者操作特征曲线下面积(AUC)等指标确定最优模型,使用沙普利加性解释(SHAP)法分析评价模型。  结果  两组患者均以女性为主(OS组87.8%,PBC组79.2%)。OS组患者的年龄、VS、LFI、脾脏面积、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶、总胆红素、凝血酶原时间、免疫球蛋白(Ig)G及IgM水平均显著高于PBC组(Z值分别为-2.883、-6.524、-4.000、-3.061、-2.194、-2.372、-4.079、-6.964、-2.709,P值均<0.05),血小板计数低于PBC组(Z=4.098,P<0.001);抗核抗体比例、肝纤维化分期及炎症分级在两组间差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为3.458、63.198、101.038,P值均<0.05)。将不存在多重共线性的变量纳入回归分析,多因素Logistic回归分析显示,VS[比值比(OR)=4.503,95%置信区间(CI):1.698~11.943,P=0.003]、LFI(OR=1.813,95%CI:1.050~3.132,P=0.033)、IgG(OR=1.121,95%CI:1.026~1.226,P=0.012)是区分PBC与OS的独立预测因子。基于上述变量构建6种机器学习模型,其中逻辑回归模型在测试集中的预测效能最佳,AUC为0.881(95%CI:0.788~0.974),敏感度为0.731,特异度为0.794。SHAP分析显示,IgG对模型预测贡献度最大。  结论  联合2D-SWE参数(VS、LFI)与IgG构建的无创多模态机器学习模型可有效鉴别PBC与OS,为临床决策是否进一步行肝脏活组织检查提供参考依据。

     

  • 注: a,测试集的ROC曲线;b,测试集的决策曲线分析;c,测试集的校准曲线;d,LR模型测试集的混淆矩阵。LR,逻辑回归;SVM,支持向量机;RF,随机森林;ET,额外树;XGBoost,极端梯度提升;LightGBM,轻量梯度提升机;TN,真阴性;FP,假阳性;FN,假阴性;TP,真阳性;PBC,原发性胆汁性胆管炎;OS,重叠综合征;ROC,受试者操作特征曲线;AUC,ROC曲线下面积;CI,置信区间。

    图  1  测试集中LR模型与其他算法区分PBC和OS的性能比较

    Figure  1.  Performance comparison between LR model and other algorithms in distinguishing PBC and OS in the test set

    注: a,SHAP摘要图;b,测试集中1例患者的预测过程。IgG,免疫球蛋白G;VS,剪切波速度;LFI,肝纤维化指数;OS,重叠综合征;LR,逻辑回归;SHAP,沙普利加性解释。

    图  2  LR模型的SHAP特征分析

    Figure  2.  SHAP feature analysis of the LR model

    表  1  PBC组与OS组患者临床特征比较

    Table  1.   Comparison of clinical characteristics between the PBC group and OS group

    变量 PBC组(n=125) OS组(n=74) 统计值 P
    年龄(岁) 54.00(22.00~74.00) 58.00(26.00~75.00) Z=-2.883 0.004
    性别[例(%)] χ2=1.834 0.177
    26(20.8) 9(12.2)
    99(79.2) 65(87.8)
    体重指数(kg/m2 22.72(15.40~43.25) 22.17(16.94~27.97) Z=1.568 0.117
    VS(m/s) 1.72(0.96~3.28) 2.25(1.07~3.12) Z=-6.524 <0.001
    ATT(dB·cm-1·MHz-1 0.54(0.33~0.91) 0.53(0.31~0.72) Z=1.287 0.198
    LFI 3.01(0.54~5.06) 3.61(1.02~8.07) Z=-4.000 <0.001
    脾脏面积(mm2 2 507.28(1 226.40~10 267.20) 2 939.87(1 402.20~8 437.63) Z=-3.061 0.002
    门静脉内径(mm) 11.44±1.34 11.61±1.37 t=-0.846 0.399
    ALT(U/L) 90.00(4.00~4 079.00) 98.00(12.00~982.00) Z=-0.960 0.338
    AST(U/L) 72.00(17.00~2 733.00) 96.00(25.00~1 094.00) Z=-2.194 0.028
    TBil(μmol/L) 17.60(6.10~214.10) 21.85(8.20~165.30) Z=-2.372 0.018
    GGT(U/L) 224.00(11.00~3 393.00) 206.50(19.00~1 654.00) Z=0.313 0.755
    ALP(U/L) 184.00(33.00~1 549.00) 174.50(67.00~824.00) Z=0.065 0.949
    凝血酶原时间(s) 11.40(9.00~15.60) 12.30(1.05~17.80) Z=-4.079 <0.001
    血小板计数(×109/L) 177.00(33.00~423.00) 138.50(46.00~338.00) Z=4.098 <0.001
    IgG(g/L) 14.30(7.66~42.30) 20.45(7.00~53.20) Z=-6.964 <0.001
    IgM(g/L) 2.10(0.35~13.00) 3.24(0.42~12.30) Z=-2.709 0.007
    抗核抗体[例(%)] χ2=3.458 0.046
    阳性 99(79.2) 49(66.2)
    阴性 26(20.8) 25(33.8)
    抗线粒体抗体2型[例(%)] χ2=0.283 0.547
    阳性 50(40.0) 26(35.1)
    阴性 75(60.0) 48(64.9)
    肝纤维化分期[例(%)] χ2=63.198 <0.001
    0~1期 60(48.0) 2(2.7)
    2期 33(26.4) 14(18.9)
    3期 24(19.2) 33(44.6)
    4期 8(6.4) 25(33.8)
    炎症分级[例(%)] χ2=101.038 <0.001
    0~1级 28(22.4) 0(0.0)
    2级 72(57.6) 5(6.8)
    3级 25(20.0) 67(90.5)
    4级 0(0.0) 2(2.7)

    注:PBC,原发性胆汁性胆管炎;OS,重叠综合征;VS,剪切波速度;ATT,声衰减系数;LFI,肝纤维化指数;ALT,丙氨酸氨基转移酶;AST,天冬氨酸氨基转移酶;TBil,总胆红素;GGT,γ-谷氨酰转移酶;ALP,碱性磷酸酶;IgG,免疫球蛋白G;IgM,免疫球蛋白M。

    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  OS相关因素的单因素与多因素Logistic回归分析

    Table  2.   Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis of factors associated with overlap syndrome

    变量 单因素Logistic回归分析 多因素Logistic回归分析
    OR(95%CI P OR(95%CI P
    体重指数 0.858(0.755~0.974) 0.018
    VS 8.347(3.515~19.823) <0.001 4.503(1.698~11.943) 0.003
    LFI 1.856(1.248~2.759) 0.002 1.813(1.050~3.132) 0.033
    脾脏面积 1.000(1.000~1.001) 0.016
    凝血酶原时间 1.313(1.020~1.689) 0.034
    血小板计数 0.991(0.986~0.997) 0.004
    IgG 1.183(1.092~1.281) <0.001 1.121(1.026~1.226) 0.012
    IgM 1.223(1.051~1.424) 0.010

    注:OS,重叠综合征;OR,比值比;CI,置信区间;VS,剪切波速度;LFI,肝纤维化指数;IgG,免疫球蛋白G;IgM,免疫球蛋白M。

    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  训练集与测试集中6种机器学习模型的预测能力评估

    Table  3.   Evaluation of predictive performance of six machine learning models across training and test sets

    模型 集别 AUC 95%CI CV_AUC 准确度 精准度 敏感度 特异度 F1值
    LR 训练集 0.844 0.769~0.919 0.854 0.763 0.632 0.750 0.769 0.686
    测试集 0.881 0.788~0.974 0.767 0.731 0.731 0.794 0.731
    SVM 训练集 0.874 0.806~0.942 0.824 0.849 0.776 0.792 0.879 0.784
    测试集 0.841 0.735~0.948 0.717 0.714 0.577 0.824 0.638
    RF 训练集 0.934 0.883~0.985 0.824 0.849 0.765 0.812 0.868 0.788
    测试集 0.826 0.715~0.937 0.800 0.792 0.731 0.853 0.760
    ET 训练集 0.866 0.795~0.936 0.851 0.835 0.745 0.792 0.857 0.768
    测试集 0.867 0.768~0.965 0.767 0.750 0.692 0.824 0.720
    XGBoost 训练集 0.992 0.974~1.000 0.798 0.957 0.920 0.958 0.956 0.939
    测试集 0.779 0.657~0.902 0.683 0.640 0.615 0.735 0.627
    LightGBM 训练集 0.949 0.904~0.994 0.797 0.885 0.833 0.833 0.912 0.833
    测试集 0.803 0.687~0.920 0.733 0.708 0.654 0.794 0.680

    注:LR,逻辑回归;SVM,支持向量机;RF,随机森林;ET,额外树;XGBoost,极端梯度提升;LightGBM,轻量梯度提升机;AUC,受试者操作特征曲线下面积;CI,置信区间;CV_AUC,训练集5折交叉验证的AUC均值。

    下载: 导出CSV
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