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胆管消失综合征的临床病理特征及预后分析

何燕改 向田丹 毛成洁 陆忠华 赵卫峰

引用本文:
Citation:

胆管消失综合征的临床病理特征及预后分析

DOI: 10.12449/JCH260517
基金项目: 

国家科学自然基金 (82402602)

伦理学声明:本研究于2025年11月4日经由苏州大学附属第一医院医学伦理委员会审批通过,批号:20251042。
利益冲突声明:本文不存在任何利益冲突。
作者贡献声明:何燕改和赵卫峰负责研究方案设计及学术论文撰写;何燕改、毛成洁和向田丹负责数据收集,资料分析,图表制作;赵卫峰和陆忠华负责构思写作框架,指导论文撰写,审阅修改至最终定稿。
详细信息
    通信作者:

    赵卫峰, zhaoweifeng@suda.edu.cn (ORCID: 0009-0007-2475-9600)

Clinicopathological features and prognostic analysis of vanishing bile duct syndrome

Research funding: 

National Natural Science Foundation of China (82402602)

More Information
  • 摘要:   目的  比较药物与自身免疫性肝病所致胆管消失综合征(VBDS)患者的临床病理特征及预后差异,总结临床鉴别要点。  方法  选取2018年1月—2024年6月在苏州大学附属第一医院、无锡市第五人民医院经皮肝脏活组织检查明确诊断为VBDS的67例患者为研究对象,其中药物所致VBDS(D-VBDS)18例,自身免疫性肝病所致VBDS(A-VBDS)49例。收集患者的一般资料、临床症状及体征、实验室指标、肝脏病理形态学特征及预后情况。符合正态分布的计量资料两组间比较采用成组t检验,非正态分布的计量资料两组间比较采用Mann-Whitney U秩和检验;计数资料两组间比较采用χ2检验或Fisher’s精确检验。  结果  67例VBDS患者中女性占比较多(80.60%),年龄以40~59岁为主(55.22%)。其中18例(26.87%)由药物引起,49例(73.13%)由自身免疫性肝病引起。VBDS患者常见的临床症状依次为尿黄(83.58%)、乏力(64.18%)、纳差(64.18%)、巩膜黄染(62.69%)、腹胀(23.88%)、皮肤瘙痒(23.88%)、恶心呕吐(20.90%)和发热(13.43%)。与D-VBDS组相比,A-VBDS组患者浆细胞浸润程度更高,毛细胆管胆栓程度更低,差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为14.186、6.568,P值均<0.05)。D-VBDS组患者的丙氨酸氨基转移酶、总胆红素、直接胆红素和间接胆红素峰值明显高于A-VBDS组,差异均有统计学意义(Z值分别为-2.546、-2.957、-2.628、-2.772,P值均<0.05)。与D-VBDS组相比,A-VBDS组患者更易发生肝硬化,差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.682,P=0.030)。  结论  丙氨酸氨基转移酶、胆红素水平以及肝组织病理形态特点是鉴别D-VBDS和A-VBDS的客观指标,对明确诊断、判断病变损伤程度具有重要意义。自身免疫性肝病所致VBDS患者更易发展为肝硬化。

     

  • 表  1  67例VBDS患者的人口学特征及临床特征

    Table  1.   Demographic and clinical characteristics of 67 patients with VBDS

    特征 总计(n=67) D-VBDS组(n=18) A-VBDS组(n=49) χ2 P
    性别[例(%)] 1.104 0.293
    13(19.40) 5(27.78) 8(16.33)
    54(80.60) 13(72.22) 41(83.67)
    年龄[例(%)] 0.130 0.937
    ≥60岁 21(31.34) 6(33.33) 15(30.61)
    40~59岁 37(55.22) 10(55.56) 27(55.10)
    18~39岁 9(13.43) 2(11.11) 7(14.29)
    发病到诊断时间[例(%)] 0.934 0.627
    <30 d 27(40.30) 7(38.89) 20(40.82)
    30~180 d 23(34.33) 5(27.78) 18(36.73)
    >180 d 17(25.37) 6(33.33) 11(22.45)
    临床表现[例(%)]
    发热 9(13.43) 3(16.67) 6(12.24) 0.221 0.638
    乏力 43(64.18) 13(72.22) 30(61.22) 0.693 0.405
    纳差 43(64.18) 12(66.67) 31(63.27) 0.066 0.797
    腹胀 16(23.88) 4(22.22) 12(24.49) 0.037 0.847
    皮肤瘙痒 16(23.88) 6(33.33) 10(20.41) 1.210 0.271
    巩膜黄染 42(62.69) 14(77.78) 28(57.14) 2.396 0.122
    尿黄 56(83.58) 17(94.44) 39(79.59) 2.116 0.146
    恶心呕吐 14(20.90) 4(22.22) 10(20.41) 0.026 0.871

    注:VBDS,胆管消失综合征;D-VBDS,药物所致胆管消失综合征;A-VBDS,自身免疫性肝病所致胆管消失综合征。

    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  两组VBDS患者的肝脏病理特征

    Table  2.   Hepatic pathological features in VBDS patients between the two groups

    项目 D-VBDS组(n=18) A-VBDS组(n=49) χ2 P
    汇管区炎症[例(%)] 2.763 0.096
    17(94.4) 49(100.0)
    1(5.6) 0(0.0)
    汇管区纤维化[例(%)] 2.763 0.096
    17(94.4) 49(100.0)
    1(5.6) 0(0.0)
    浆细胞[例(%)] 14.186 <0.001
    5(27.8) 38(77.6)
    13(72.2) 11(22.4)
    小叶内炎症[例(%)] 0.282 0.595
    16(88.9) 41(83.7)
    2(11.1) 8(16.3)
    毛细胆管胆栓[例(%)] 6.568 0.010
    6(33.3) 4(8.2)
    12(66.7) 45(91.8)
    肝细胞胆色素沉积[例(%)] 0.118 0.731
    15(83.3) 39(79.6)
    3(16.7) 10(20.4)
    淤胆性菊型团[例(%)] 0.373 0.541
    0(0.0) 1(2.0)
    18(100.0) 48(98.0)
    泡沫样细胞[例(%)] 0.125 0.724
    4(22.2) 9(18.4)
    14(77.8) 40(81.6)
    脂肪变性[例(%)] 0.206 0.650
    13(72.2) 38(77.6)
    5(27.8) 11(22.4)
    CK7胆管上皮细胞[例(%)] 2.763 0.096
    17(94.4) 49(100.0)
    1(5.6) 0(0.0)
    CK19胆管上皮细胞[例(%)] 2.763 0.096
    17(94.4) 49(100.0)
    1(5.6) 0(0.0)
    细胆管增生[例(%)] 0.176 0.675
    10(55.6) 30(61.2)
    8(44.4) 19(38.8)

    注:VBDS,胆管消失综合征;D-VBDS,药物所致胆管消失综合征;A-VBDS,自身免疫性肝病所致胆管消失综合征;CK7,细胞角蛋白7;CK19,细胞角蛋白19。

    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  两组患者实验室指标的比较

    Table  3.   Comparison of laboratory test results between the two groups

    实验室指标 D-VBDS组(n=18) A-VBDS组(n=49) Z P
    ALT(U/L) 709.0(157.1~800.5) 72.4(57.0~138.9) -2.546 0.011
    AST(U/L) 364.0(98.7~490.0) 89.0(60.0~127.9) -1.337 0.181
    ALP(U/L) 216.0(139.5~386.1) 287.0(153.0~340.0) -0.965 0.335
    GGT(U/L) 253.0(158.2~297.9) 239.0(157.0~634.0) -0.820 0.412
    TBil(μmol/L) 29.0(19.5~99.5) 27.0(19.0~64.0) -2.957 0.003
    DBil(μmol/L) 15.8(8.0~76.7) 14.6(9.1~38.3) -2.628 0.009
    IBil(μmol/L) 14.1(10.4~25.6) 12.6(9.4~25.7) -2.772 0.006
    白蛋白(g/L) 44.1(40.3~44.1) 39.1(37.4~42.3) -0.310 0.757
    球蛋白(g/L) 26.6(23.5~32.2) 27.6(25.7~32.3) -1.867 0.062
    总胆汁酸(μmol/L) 94.0(6.0~214.5) 56.0(23.0~117.0) -0.650 0.516
    胆碱酯酶(U/L) 8 030.0(6 705.0~11 033.5) 6 819.0(4 602.0~7 827.0) -0.700 0.484
    总胆固醇(mmol/L) 4.9(4.4~5.3) 6.1(4.8~7.9) -1.491 0.136
    甘油三酯(mmol/L) 1.1(1.0~1.7) 2.1(1.5~2.6) -0.395 0.693
    血红蛋白(g/L) 108.0(96.0~126.0) 106.0(90.0~123.0) -1.928 0.090
    血小板计数(×109/L) 110.0(94.0~140.5) 107.0(88.5~128.0) -1.720 0.055
    国际标准化比值 0.93(0.89~1.03) 0.96(0.91~1.06) -0.978 0.328

    注:D-VBDS,药物所致胆管消失综合征;A-VBDS,自身免疫性肝病所致胆管消失综合征;ALT,丙氨酸氨基转移酶;AST,天冬氨酸氨基转移酶;ALP,碱性磷酸酶;GGT,γ-谷氨酰转移酶;TBil,总胆红素;DBil,直接胆红素;IBil,间接胆红素。

    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4  两组患者的临床转归

    Table  4.   Clinical outcomes between the two groups

    项目 D-VBDS组
    n=18)
    A-VBDS组
    n=49)
    χ2 P
    肝硬化[例(%)] 2(11.11) 19(38.78) 4.682 0.030
    肝衰竭[例(%)] 2(11.11) 0(0.00) 5.612 0.069
    死亡[例(%)] 1(5.56) 0(0.00) 2.763 0.269

    注:D-VBDS,药物所致胆管消失综合征;A-VBDS,自身免疫性肝病所致胆管消失综合征。

    下载: 导出CSV
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