胆管消失综合征的临床病理特征及预后分析
DOI: 10.12449/JCH260517
Clinicopathological features and prognostic analysis of vanishing bile duct syndrome
-
摘要:
目的 比较药物与自身免疫性肝病所致胆管消失综合征(VBDS)患者的临床病理特征及预后差异,总结临床鉴别要点。 方法 选取2018年1月—2024年6月在苏州大学附属第一医院、无锡市第五人民医院经皮肝脏活组织检查明确诊断为VBDS的67例患者为研究对象,其中药物所致VBDS(D-VBDS)18例,自身免疫性肝病所致VBDS(A-VBDS)49例。收集患者的一般资料、临床症状及体征、实验室指标、肝脏病理形态学特征及预后情况。符合正态分布的计量资料两组间比较采用成组t检验,非正态分布的计量资料两组间比较采用Mann-Whitney U秩和检验;计数资料两组间比较采用χ2检验或Fisher’s精确检验。 结果 67例VBDS患者中女性占比较多(80.60%),年龄以40~59岁为主(55.22%)。其中18例(26.87%)由药物引起,49例(73.13%)由自身免疫性肝病引起。VBDS患者常见的临床症状依次为尿黄(83.58%)、乏力(64.18%)、纳差(64.18%)、巩膜黄染(62.69%)、腹胀(23.88%)、皮肤瘙痒(23.88%)、恶心呕吐(20.90%)和发热(13.43%)。与D-VBDS组相比,A-VBDS组患者浆细胞浸润程度更高,毛细胆管胆栓程度更低,差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为14.186、6.568,P值均<0.05)。D-VBDS组患者的丙氨酸氨基转移酶、总胆红素、直接胆红素和间接胆红素峰值明显高于A-VBDS组,差异均有统计学意义(Z值分别为-2.546、-2.957、-2.628、-2.772,P值均<0.05)。与D-VBDS组相比,A-VBDS组患者更易发生肝硬化,差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.682,P=0.030)。 结论 丙氨酸氨基转移酶、胆红素水平以及肝组织病理形态特点是鉴别D-VBDS和A-VBDS的客观指标,对明确诊断、判断病变损伤程度具有重要意义。自身免疫性肝病所致VBDS患者更易发展为肝硬化。 Abstract:Objective To investigate the differences in clinicopathological features and prognosis between patients with drug-induced vanishing bile duct syndrome (VBDS) and those with VBDS induced by autoimmune liver disease, and to summarize the key points for clinical differentiation. Methods A total of 67 patients who were diagnosed with VBDS by liver biopsy in The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University and Wuxi Fifth People’s Hospital from January 2018 to June 2024 were enrolled as subjects, among whom 18 had drug-induced VBDS (D-VBDS group) and 49 had VBDS induced by autoimmune liver disease (A-VBDS group). Related data were collected, including general information, clinical symptoms and signs, laboratory markers, liver pathomorphological features, and prognosis. The independent-samples t test was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between two groups, and the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data between two groups; the chi-square test or the Fisher’s exact test was used for comparison of categorical data between two groups. Results Among the 67 VBDS patients, female patients accounted for a higher proportion (80.60%), and the patients aged 40 — 59 years accounted for 55.22%; there were 18 patients (26.87%) with D-VBDS and 49 patients (73.13%) with A-VBDS. Yellow urine (83.58%) was the most common clinical symptom in VBDS patients, followed by fatigue (64.18%), poor appetite (64.18%), jaundice of the sclera (62.69%), abdominal distension (23.88%), pruritus (23.88%), nausea and vomiting (20.90%), and fever (13.43%). Compared with the D-VBDS group, the A-VBDS group had a significantly higher degree of plasma cell infiltration and a significantly lower degree of canalicular bile plugs (χ2 =14.186, 6.568, both P<0.05). Compared with the A-VBDS group, the D-VBDS group had significantly higher peak levels of alanine aminotransferase, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, and indirect bilirubin (Z=-2.546, -2.957, -2.628, -2.772, all P<0.05). Compared with the D-VBDS group, the patients in the A-VBDS group were more likely to develop liver cirrhosis (χ2 =4.682, P=0.030). Conclusion The levels of alanine aminotransferase and bilirubin and liver pathomorphological features are objective indicators for differentiating D-VBDS from A-VBDS, and they are of great importance for clarifying diagnosis and determining the degree of liver injury. Patients with A-VBDS are more likely to develop liver cirrhosis. -
Key words:
- Vanishing Bile Duct Syndrome /
- Biopsy, Needle /
- Pathologic Processes /
- Prognosis
-
表 1 67例VBDS患者的人口学特征及临床特征
Table 1. Demographic and clinical characteristics of 67 patients with VBDS
特征 总计(n=67) D-VBDS组(n=18) A-VBDS组(n=49) χ2值 P值 性别[例(%)] 1.104 0.293 男 13(19.40) 5(27.78) 8(16.33) 女 54(80.60) 13(72.22) 41(83.67) 年龄[例(%)] 0.130 0.937 ≥60岁 21(31.34) 6(33.33) 15(30.61) 40~59岁 37(55.22) 10(55.56) 27(55.10) 18~39岁 9(13.43) 2(11.11) 7(14.29) 发病到诊断时间[例(%)] 0.934 0.627 <30 d 27(40.30) 7(38.89) 20(40.82) 30~180 d 23(34.33) 5(27.78) 18(36.73) >180 d 17(25.37) 6(33.33) 11(22.45) 临床表现[例(%)] 发热 9(13.43) 3(16.67) 6(12.24) 0.221 0.638 乏力 43(64.18) 13(72.22) 30(61.22) 0.693 0.405 纳差 43(64.18) 12(66.67) 31(63.27) 0.066 0.797 腹胀 16(23.88) 4(22.22) 12(24.49) 0.037 0.847 皮肤瘙痒 16(23.88) 6(33.33) 10(20.41) 1.210 0.271 巩膜黄染 42(62.69) 14(77.78) 28(57.14) 2.396 0.122 尿黄 56(83.58) 17(94.44) 39(79.59) 2.116 0.146 恶心呕吐 14(20.90) 4(22.22) 10(20.41) 0.026 0.871 注:VBDS,胆管消失综合征;D-VBDS,药物所致胆管消失综合征;A-VBDS,自身免疫性肝病所致胆管消失综合征。
表 2 两组VBDS患者的肝脏病理特征
Table 2. Hepatic pathological features in VBDS patients between the two groups
项目 D-VBDS组(n=18) A-VBDS组(n=49) χ2值 P值 汇管区炎症[例(%)] 2.763 0.096 有 17(94.4) 49(100.0) 无 1(5.6) 0(0.0) 汇管区纤维化[例(%)] 2.763 0.096 有 17(94.4) 49(100.0) 无 1(5.6) 0(0.0) 浆细胞[例(%)] 14.186 <0.001 有 5(27.8) 38(77.6) 无 13(72.2) 11(22.4) 小叶内炎症[例(%)] 0.282 0.595 有 16(88.9) 41(83.7) 无 2(11.1) 8(16.3) 毛细胆管胆栓[例(%)] 6.568 0.010 有 6(33.3) 4(8.2) 无 12(66.7) 45(91.8) 肝细胞胆色素沉积[例(%)] 0.118 0.731 有 15(83.3) 39(79.6) 无 3(16.7) 10(20.4) 淤胆性菊型团[例(%)] 0.373 0.541 有 0(0.0) 1(2.0) 无 18(100.0) 48(98.0) 泡沫样细胞[例(%)] 0.125 0.724 有 4(22.2) 9(18.4) 无 14(77.8) 40(81.6) 脂肪变性[例(%)] 0.206 0.650 有 13(72.2) 38(77.6) 无 5(27.8) 11(22.4) CK7胆管上皮细胞[例(%)] 2.763 0.096 有 17(94.4) 49(100.0) 无 1(5.6) 0(0.0) CK19胆管上皮细胞[例(%)] 2.763 0.096 有 17(94.4) 49(100.0) 无 1(5.6) 0(0.0) 细胆管增生[例(%)] 0.176 0.675 有 10(55.6) 30(61.2) 无 8(44.4) 19(38.8) 注:VBDS,胆管消失综合征;D-VBDS,药物所致胆管消失综合征;A-VBDS,自身免疫性肝病所致胆管消失综合征;CK7,细胞角蛋白7;CK19,细胞角蛋白19。
表 3 两组患者实验室指标的比较
Table 3. Comparison of laboratory test results between the two groups
实验室指标 D-VBDS组(n=18) A-VBDS组(n=49) Z值 P值 ALT(U/L) 709.0(157.1~800.5) 72.4(57.0~138.9) -2.546 0.011 AST(U/L) 364.0(98.7~490.0) 89.0(60.0~127.9) -1.337 0.181 ALP(U/L) 216.0(139.5~386.1) 287.0(153.0~340.0) -0.965 0.335 GGT(U/L) 253.0(158.2~297.9) 239.0(157.0~634.0) -0.820 0.412 TBil(μmol/L) 29.0(19.5~99.5) 27.0(19.0~64.0) -2.957 0.003 DBil(μmol/L) 15.8(8.0~76.7) 14.6(9.1~38.3) -2.628 0.009 IBil(μmol/L) 14.1(10.4~25.6) 12.6(9.4~25.7) -2.772 0.006 白蛋白(g/L) 44.1(40.3~44.1) 39.1(37.4~42.3) -0.310 0.757 球蛋白(g/L) 26.6(23.5~32.2) 27.6(25.7~32.3) -1.867 0.062 总胆汁酸(μmol/L) 94.0(6.0~214.5) 56.0(23.0~117.0) -0.650 0.516 胆碱酯酶(U/L) 8 030.0(6 705.0~11 033.5) 6 819.0(4 602.0~7 827.0) -0.700 0.484 总胆固醇(mmol/L) 4.9(4.4~5.3) 6.1(4.8~7.9) -1.491 0.136 甘油三酯(mmol/L) 1.1(1.0~1.7) 2.1(1.5~2.6) -0.395 0.693 血红蛋白(g/L) 108.0(96.0~126.0) 106.0(90.0~123.0) -1.928 0.090 血小板计数(×109/L) 110.0(94.0~140.5) 107.0(88.5~128.0) -1.720 0.055 国际标准化比值 0.93(0.89~1.03) 0.96(0.91~1.06) -0.978 0.328 注:D-VBDS,药物所致胆管消失综合征;A-VBDS,自身免疫性肝病所致胆管消失综合征;ALT,丙氨酸氨基转移酶;AST,天冬氨酸氨基转移酶;ALP,碱性磷酸酶;GGT,γ-谷氨酰转移酶;TBil,总胆红素;DBil,直接胆红素;IBil,间接胆红素。
表 4 两组患者的临床转归
Table 4. Clinical outcomes between the two groups
项目 D-VBDS组
(n=18)A-VBDS组
(n=49)χ2值 P值 肝硬化[例(%)] 2(11.11) 19(38.78) 4.682 0.030 肝衰竭[例(%)] 2(11.11) 0(0.00) 5.612 0.069 死亡[例(%)] 1(5.56) 0(0.00) 2.763 0.269 注:D-VBDS,药物所致胆管消失综合征;A-VBDS,自身免疫性肝病所致胆管消失综合征。
-
[1] BESSONE F, HERNÁNDEZ N, TANNO M, et al. Drug-induced vanishing bile duct syndrome: From pathogenesis to diagnosis and therapeutics[J]. Semin Liver Dis, 2021, 41( 3): 331- 348. DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1729972. [2] NAKANUMA Y, TSUNEYAMA K, HARADA K. Pathology and pathogenesis of intrahepatic bile duct loss[J]. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg, 2001, 8( 4): 303- 315. DOI: 10.1007/s005340170002. [3] PUSL T, BEUERS U. Ursodeoxycholic acid treatment of vanishing bile duct syndromes[J]. World J Gastroenterol, 2006, 12( 22): 3487- 3495. DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v12.i22.3487. [4] ZAFAR M, FAROOQ M, BUTLER-MANUEL W, et al. Vanishing bile duct syndrome associated with non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and hepatitis E virus infection[J]. Cureus, 2022, 14( 1): e21328. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.21328. [5] FARAGALLA K, LAU H, WANG HL, et al. Cloxacillin-induced acute vanishing bile duct syndrome: A case study and literature review[J]. Br J Clin Pharmacol, 2022, 88( 10): 4633- 4638. DOI: 10.1111/bcp.15445. [6] ZHANG HY, JIANG P, MEI SB, et al. Carbamazepine-induced DRESS complicated by HLH and VBDS: A case report[J]. J Asthma Allergy, 2025, 18: 655- 664. DOI: 10.2147/JAA.S505666. [7] BONKOVSKY HL, KLEINER DE, GU JZ, et al. Clinical presentations and outcomes of bile duct loss caused by drugs and herbal and dietary supplements[J]. Hepatology, 2017, 65( 4): 1267- 1277. DOI: 10.1002/hep.28967. [8] DOBREVA I, KARAGYOZOV P. Drug-induced bile duct injury-a short review[J]. Curr Drug Metab, 2020, 21( 4): 256- 259. DOI: 10.2174/1389200221666200420100129. [9] JIA YB, LIU L, DENG BC, et al. Atypical primary biliary cholangitis results in vanishing bile duct syndrome with cutaneous xanthomas: A case report[J]. Diagn Pathol, 2022, 17( 1): 57. DOI: 10.1186/s13000-022-01228-1. [10] DESMET VJ. Vanishing bile duct syndrome in drug-induced liver disease[J]. J Hepatol, 1997, 26( Suppl 1): 31- 35. DOI: 10.1016/s0168-8278(97)82330-6. [11] WANG QL, HUANG A, WANG JB, et al. Chronic drug-induced liver injury: Updates and future challenges[J]. Front Pharmacol, 2021, 12: 627133. DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.627133. [12] TRẦN THỊ T, IMAI N, INUKAI Y, et al. Decline of persistent jaundice in a patient with autoimmune hepatitis and vanishing bile duct syndrome treated with elobixibat for constipation[J]. Cureus, 2025, 17( 3): e80021. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.80021. [13] LEVY C, BOWLUS CL. Primary biliary cholangitis: Personalizing second-line therapies[J]. Hepatology, 2025, 82( 4): 895- 910. DOI: 10.1097/HEP.0000000000001166. [14] WANG JL, WANG SF, WU CF, et al. Antibiotic-associated vanishing bile duct syndrome: A real-world retrospective and pharmacovigilance database analysis[J]. Infection, 2024, 52( 3): 891- 899. DOI: 10.1007/s15010-023-02132-6. [15] ZIMMER CL, VON SETH E, BUGGERT M, et al. A biliary immune landscape map of primary sclerosing cholangitis reveals a dominant network of neutrophils and tissue-resident T cells[J]. Sci Transl Med, 2021, 13( 599): eabb3107. DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abb3107. [16] VISENTIN M, LENGGENHAGER D, GAI ZB, et al. Drug-induced bile duct injury[J]. Biochim Biophys Acta BBA Mol Basis Dis, 2018, 1864( 4): 1498- 1506. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.08.033. [17] WASUWANICH P, CHOUDRY H, SO JM, et al. Vanishing bile duct syndrome after drug-induced liver injury[J]. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol, 2022, 46( 9): 102015. DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2022.102015. [18] DESMET VJ, van EYKEN P, SCIOT R. Cytokeratins for probing cell lineage relationships in developing liver[J]. Hepatology, 1990, 12( 5): 1249- 1251. DOI: 10.1002/hep.1840120530. [19] GUPTA V, SEHRAWAT TS, PINZANI M, et al. Portal fibrosis and the ductular reaction: Pathophysiological role in the progression of liver disease and translational opportunities[J]. Gastroenterology, 2025, 168( 4): 675- 690. DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2024.07.044. [20] QIU ZX, HUANG LX, WANG XX, et al. Exploring the pathogenesis of autoimmune liver diseases from the heterogeneity of target cells[J]. J Clin Transl Hepatol, 2024, 12( 7): 659- 666. DOI: 10.14218/JCTH.2023.00531. [21] CHALASANI N, BONKOVSKY HL, FONTANA R, et al. Features and outcomes of 899 patients with drug-induced liver injury: The DILIN prospective study[J]. Gastroenterology, 2015, 148( 7): 1340- 1352.e7. DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2015.03.006. [22] SKAT-RØRDAM J, LYKKESFELDT J, GLUUD LL, et al. Mechanisms of drug induced liver injury[J]. Cell Mol Life Sci, 2025, 82( 1): 213. DOI: 10.1007/s00018-025-05744-3. [23] LYTVYAK E, HIRSCHFIELD G, SHREEKUMAR D, et al. Pathogenesis, non-invasive assessments and treatment of hepatic fibrosis in autoimmune liver diseases[J]. Liver Int, 2025, 45( 8): e70190. DOI: 10.1111/liv.70190. [24] REAU NS, JENSEN DM. Vanishing bile duct syndrome[J]. Clin Liver Dis, 2008, 12( 1): 203- 217. DOI: 10.1016/j.cld.2007.11.007. [25] HOURI I, HIRSCHFIELD GM. Primary biliary cholangitis: Pathophysiology[J]. Clin Liver Dis, 2024, 28( 1): 79- 92. DOI: 10.1016/j.cld.2023.06.006. [26] DEGOTT C, FELDMANN G, LARREY D, et al. Drug-induced prolonged cholestasis in adults: A histological semiquantitative study demonstrating progressive ductopenia[J]. Hepatology, 1992, 15( 2): 244- 251. DOI: 10.1002/hep.1840150212. [27] LV TT, YU HT, HAN X, et al. Histopathological features predicting long-term clinical outcomes in patients with vanishing bile duct syndrome[J]. J Clin Transl Hepatol, 2023, 11( 5): 1161- 1169. DOI: 10.14218/JCTH.2022.00039. -
本文二维码
计量
- 文章访问数: 14
- HTML全文浏览量: 1
- PDF下载量: 1
- 被引次数: 0

PDF下载 ( 666 KB)
下载: 