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门静脉癌栓分型对肝细胞癌合并食管胃静脉曲张破裂出血患者再出血的影响

马佳丽 叶小慧 魏红山 李坪 梁秀霞

引用本文:
Citation:

门静脉癌栓分型对肝细胞癌合并食管胃静脉曲张破裂出血患者再出血的影响

DOI: 10.12449/JCH260515
基金项目: 

北京市属医院科研培育计划 (PX2023065);

研究型病房卓越临床研究计划 (BRWEP2024W102170111)

伦理学声明:本研究方案于2024年3月15日经由首都医科大学北京地坛医院伦理委员会审批通过,批号:京地伦科字[2024]第(025)-01号。所有纳入患者均签署知情同意书。
利益冲突声明:本文不存在任何利益冲突。
作者贡献声明:马佳丽和梁秀霞负责课题设计;马佳丽负责资料分析,撰写论文;叶小慧参与收集数据,修改论文;魏红山、李坪、梁秀霞和马佳丽负责拟定写作思路,指导撰写文章并最后定稿。
详细信息
    通信作者:

    梁秀霞, yliangxiuxia@163.com (ORCID: 0009-0008-3282-1758)

Impact of portal vein tumor thrombus classification on rebleeding in hepatocellular carcinoma patients with esophagogastric variceal bleeding

Research funding: 

Project Assignment of Beijing Municipal Hospital Scientific Research Training Program (PX2023065);

Beijing Research Ward Excellence Program (BRWEP2024W102170111)

More Information
  • 摘要:   目的  通过观察肝细胞癌(HCC)合并不同分型门静脉癌栓(PVTT)及食管胃静脉曲张破裂出血(EGVB)患者的再出血情况,探讨PVTT分型对再出血的影响,为制订此类患者的合理治疗方案提供参考。  方法  回顾性纳入2020年7月—2025年1月因EGVB于首都医科大学附属北京地坛医院就诊的130例HCC合并PVTT患者为研究对象,根据是否接受内镜治疗将患者分为内镜治疗组(n=97)和保守治疗组(n=33)。收集患者人口学及临床资料,比较两组止血成功率及再出血情况。符合正态分布的计量资料组间比较采用成组t检验,不符合正态分布的计量资料组间比较采用Mann-Whitney U检验;计数资料组间比较采用χ2检验或Fisher’s精确检验。采用Kaplan-Meier法估计不同分型PVTT患者的再出血累积发生率。通过倾向性评分匹配(PSM)对内镜治疗组和保守治疗组进行配对,以均衡两组患者基线数据。采用Cox比例风险模型进行单因素和多因素分析,筛选再出血的独立危险因素。  结果  内镜治疗组患者的6个月内累积再出血率显著低于保守治疗组[35.1% vs 57.6%,风险比(HR)=0.480,95%置信区间(95%CI0.272~0.851,P=0.019]。PVTT Ⅲ~Ⅳ组患者的6个月累积再出血率显著高于PVTT Ⅱ组(52.2% vs 37.5%,HR=1.744,95%CI:1.008~3.018, P=0.022)。PSM后,内镜治疗组和保守治疗组的再出血率差异无统计学意义(38.1% vs 14.3%,HR=1.500,95%CI:0.125~2.002,P=0.588),但PVTT Ⅲ~Ⅳ组患者的累积再出血率显著高于PVTT Ⅱ组(58.8% vs 12.5%,HR=1.561,95%CI:1.195~12.499,P=0.033)。多因素Cox回归分析显示,PVTT分型(HR=1.412,95%CI:0.998~1.997,P=0.049)、血小板计数(HR=1.006,95%CI:1.001~1.010,P=0.021)、C反应蛋白(HR=1.011,95%CI:1.001~1.021,P=0.026)和腹水(HR=1.803,95%CI:1.059~3.068,P=0.030)是再出血的独立危险因素。  结论  对于HCC合并PVTT及EGVB患者,内镜治疗可成功止血,但未能显著降低再出血率;PVTT分型影响再出血风险,其中PVTT Ⅲ~Ⅳ型患者再出血率较高。

     

  • 注: a~c,肝硬化合并HCC及PVTT患者出现门静脉海绵样变、门静脉系统多发血栓、胃肾分流道及脐静脉分流道开放;d、e,患者合并重度食管胃静脉曲张,反复出血,行内镜下治疗;f,内镜治疗后出现大面积肝梗死。HCC,肝细胞癌;PVTT,门静脉癌栓。

    图  1  HCC合并PVTT患者内镜治疗后出现肝梗死

    Figure  1.  Hepatic infarction occurred in patients with HCC and PVTT after endoscopic treatment

    注: HCC,肝细胞癌;PVTT,门静脉癌栓。

    图  2  HCC合并PVTT内镜治疗组和保守治疗组的累积再出血率

    Figure  2.  The cumulative rebleeding rates of HCC with PVTT were compared between the endoscopic treatment group and the conservative treatment group

    注: HCC,肝细胞癌;PVTT,门静脉癌栓。

    图  3  HCC合并不同PVTT分型患者的累积再出血率

    Figure  3.  The cumulative rebleeding rates among HCC patients with various types of PVTT

    注: PSM,倾向性评分匹配;HCC,肝细胞癌;PVTT,门静脉癌栓。

    图  4  PSM后HCC合并PVTT内镜治疗组和保守治疗组累积再出血率

    Figure  4.  The cumulative rebleeding rates of HCC with PVTT were compared between the endoscopic treatment group and the conservative treatment group after PSM

    注: PSM,倾向性评分匹配;HCC,肝细胞癌;PVTT,门静脉癌栓。

    图  5  PSM后HCC合并不同PVTT分型患者的累积再出血率

    Figure  5.  The cumulative rebleeding rates among HCC patients with various types of PVTT after PSM

    表  1  2组患者基线数据比较

    Table  1.   Baseline data of the patients

    项目 内镜治疗组
    n=97)
    保守治疗组
    n=33)
    统计值 P 匹配后内镜
    治疗组(n=21)
    匹配后保守
    治疗组(n=21)
    统计值 P
    年龄(岁) 57.7±9.8 57.2±10.5 t=0.263 0.609 56.6±9.1 57.6±7.2 t=0.462 0.501
    性别[例(%)] χ2=2.012 0.241 0.606
    86(88.7) 26(78.8) 18(85.7) 20(95.2)
    11(11.3) 7(21.2) 3(14.3) 1(4.8)
    病因控制[例(%)] χ2=0.208 0.685 χ2=0.404 0.525
    41(42.3) 15(45.5) 12(57.1) 14(66.7)
    56(57.7) 18(54.5) 9(42.9) 7(33.3)
    肝病病因[例(%)] 0.893 0.875
    乙型肝炎 50(51.5) 17(51.5) 11(52.4) 10(47.6)
    丙型肝炎 12(12.4) 4(12.1) 2(9.5) 3(14.3)
    酒精性肝病 8(8.2) 5(15.2) 2(9.5) 3(14.3)
    自身免疫性肝病 10(10.3) 2(6.1) 2(9.5) 1(4.8)
    胆汁淤积性肝病 3(3.1) 1(3.0) 0(0.0) 2(9.5)
    其他 14(14.4) 4(12.1) 4(19.1) 2(9.5)
    合并急性感染[例(%)] 0.738 1.000
    9(9.3) 4(12.1) 1(4.8) 1(4.8)
    88(90.7) 29(87.9) 20(95.2) 20(95.2)
    肿瘤干预[例(%)] χ2=3.565 0.168 χ2=3.500 0.174
    30(30.9) 6(18.1) 6(28.6) 10(47.6)
    单一治疗 21(21.6) 12(36.4) 12(57.1) 6(28.6)
    多种方法综合治疗 46(47.4) 15(45.5) 3(14.3) 5(23.8)
    中性粒细胞(×109/L) 4.1(1.8~4.9) 4.8(2.9~4.1) Z=-2.926 0.003 3.3(1.8~5.6) 2.9(2.2~4.0) Z<0.001 1.000
    血小板计数(×109/L) 99.2(59.5~119.0) 112.2(69.0~150.1) Z=-1.461 0.144 89.0(41.0~89.0) 90.0(48.0~90.0) Z=-0.655 0.513
    血红蛋白(g/L) 90.4±24.2 88.9±26.4 t=0.357 0.552 85.7±23.5 84.9±22.7 t=0.252 0.615
    ALT(U/L) 53.1(21.3~53.4) 84.2(31.7~114.7) Z=-2.600 0.009 40.0(26.8~85.0) 52.1(38.3~200.4) Z=-1.158 0.247
    AST(U/L) 95.1(33.4~106.6) 159.5(51.4~177.8) Z=-3.140 0.002 87.6(47.6~107.9) 93.3(67.9~258.4) Z=-1.762 0.078
    总胆红素(μmol/L) 36.0(16.4~36.3) 99.6(20.6~87.9) Z=-3.349 0.001 55.9(13.6~70.6) 24.7(20.8~34.5) Z=-0.906 0.365
    白蛋白(g/L) 31.2(28.2~34.2) 31.6(27.3~35.4) Z=-1.115 0.909 30.3(25.4~35.3) 27.7(25.6~32.1) Z=-1.410 0.159
    肌酐(μmol/L) 74.4(58.5~85.4) 86.2(61.5~87.2) Z=-0.930 0.352 65.2(60.6~82.1) 76.3(59.4~85.1) Z=-0.554 0.580
    国际标准化比值 1.4(1.2~1.5) 1.6(1.3~1.6) Z=-1.896 0.058 1.5(1.3~1.6) 1.6(1.3~1.9) Z=-0.466 0.641
    AFP(ng/mL) 254.5
    (10.8~2 000.0)
    878.0
    (142.0~2 000.0)
    Z=-0.638 0.523 1 115.0
    (9.5~2 000.0)
    421.0
    (128.0~2 000.0)
    Z=-0.073 0.501
    C反应蛋白(mg/L) 26.2
    (5.4~39.7)
    59.1
    (14.8~77.5)
    Z=-3.469 0.001 12.3(4.8~40.6) 27.2(10.9~72.1) Z=-1.511 0.131
    血钠(mmol/L) 133.3
    (134.3~140.2)
    137.1
    (133.9~141.1)
    Z=-0.202 0.840 140.2
    (134.5~142.2)
    135.2
    (131.8~138.2)
    Z=-1.763 0.078
    合并肝硬化[例(%)] 95(97.9) 31(94.0) χ2=2.763 0.158 19(90.5) 19(90.5) χ2=0.000 1.000
    合并腹水[例(%)] 68(70.1) 27(81.8) χ2=1.718 0.190 12(57.1) 16(76.2) χ2=1.714 0.190
    合并肝性脑病[例(%)] 22(22.7) 17(51.5) χ2=9.749 0.002 6(28.6) 4(19.0) 0.719
    首次出血[例(%)] χ2=1.315 0.252 0.469
    55(56.7) 22(66.7) 6(28.6) 4(19.1)
    42(43.3) 11(33.3) 15(71.4) 17(80.9)
    下载: 导出CSV

    Table  .   (continued)

    项目 内镜治疗组
    n=97)
    保守治疗组
    n=33)
    统计值 P 匹配后内镜
    治疗组(n=21)
    匹配后保守
    治疗组(n=21)
    统计值 P
    PVTT分型(程氏分型)
    [例(%)]
    χ2=3.104 0.212 χ2=5.700 0.058
    Ⅱ型 30(30.9) 10(30.3) 5(23.8) 3(14.3)
    Ⅲ型 10(10.3) 3(9.1) 4(19.1) 0(0.0)
    Ⅳ型 57(58.8) 20(60.6) 12(57.1) 18(85.7)
    肿瘤BCLC分期
    [例(%)]
    χ2=12.912 0.001 χ2=0.429 0.513
    C期 74(76.3) 14(42.4) 13(61.9) 15(71.4)
    D期 23(23.7) 19(57.6) 8(38.1) 6(28.6)
    蔡尔德-皮尤分级
    [例(%)]
    χ2=9.417 0.009 χ2=0.963 0.618
    A级 20(20.6) 5(15.1) 7(33.3) 6(28.6)
    B级 65(67.0) 16(48.5) 6(28.6) 9(42.8)
    C级 12(12.4) 12(36.4) 8(38.1) 6(28.6)
    再出血时间(d) 55(23~168) 28(8~78) Z=-2.141 0.032 9(9~27) 42(9~60) Z=-1.361 0.174

    注:PVTT,门静脉癌栓;BCLC,巴塞罗那肝癌临床分期;ALT,丙氨酸氨基转移酶;AST,天冬氨酸氨基转移酶;AFP,甲胎蛋白。

    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  PVTT合并EGVB患者再出血的危险因素分析

    Table  2.   Risk factors of rebleeding in patients with PVTT and EGVB

    变量 单因素分析 多因素分析
    HR(95%CI P HR(95%CI P
    肿瘤干预 3.450(1.598~7.447) 0.002 0.700(0.485~1.010) 0.057
    内镜治疗 2.350(1.123~4.918) 0.023 0.911(0.371~2.235) 0.838
    血小板计数 1.006(1.001~1.011) 0.010 1.006(1.001~1.010) 0.021
    ALT 1.008(1.003~1.012) 0.001 1.004(0.996~1.013) 0.272
    AST 1.003(1.001~1.005) 0.003 0.998(0.994~1.013) 0.202
    总胆红素 1.005(1.001~1.009) 0.009 1.000(0.994~1.007) 0.898
    C反应蛋白 1.011(1.005~1.017) <0.001 1.011(1.001~1.021) 0.026
    BCLC分期 0.237(0.115~0.486) <0.001 0.997(0.449~2.217) 0.995
    PVTT分型 1.553(1.005~2.402) 0.048 1.412(0.998~1.997) 0.049
    腹水 1.644(1.033~2.618) 0.036 1.803(1.059~3.068) 0.030
    肝性脑病 2.165(1.256~3.732) 0.005 1.359(0.727~2.540) 0.337
    蔡尔德-皮尤分级 1.206(1.032~1.410) 0.019 0.985(0.482~2.012) 0.966

    注:PVTT,门静脉癌栓;EGVB,食管胃静脉曲张破裂出血;ALT,丙氨酸氨基转移酶;AST,天冬氨酸氨基转移酶;BCLC,巴塞罗那肝癌临床分期;HR,风险比;CI,置信区间。

    下载: 导出CSV
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  • 收稿日期:  2025-12-05
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  • 出版日期:  2026-05-20
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