甘油三酯葡萄糖-体重指数与新发代谢相关脂肪性肝病的关联性分析
DOI: 10.12449/JCH260412
Association between triglyceride glucose-body mass index and new-onset metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease
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摘要:
目的 探讨血清空腹甘油三酯葡萄糖-体重指数(TyG-BMI)轨迹与10年内新发代谢相关脂肪性肝病(MAFLD)的关联性。 方法 回顾性收集2013、2018和2023年于西南医科大学附属中医医院体检且2013年未患MAFLD的体检者数据,根据纳入与排除标准,纳入有效研究对象1 340例。采用R 4.3.0软件中gbmt包构建TyG-BMI动态变化轨迹模型,确定4个不同的TyG-BMI轨迹组:低水平组(n=352)、中水平组(n=517)、高水平组(n=314)和极高水平组(n=157)。收集研究对象一般资料及血液生化指标检查结果,并进行组间比较。计数资料组间比较采用χ2检验;不符合正态分布且方差不齐的计量资料多组间比较采用Kruskal-Wallis H秩和检验。采用Cox回归分析不同TyG-BMI轨迹组与MAFLD发生风险之间的关系,并使用受试者操作特征曲线(ROC曲线)评估TyG-BMI对MAFLD的诊断价值。 结果 MAFLD的累积发病率随TyG-BMI轨迹水平的升高而增加,低、中、高和极高水平组的MAFLD累积发病率分别为4.83%、29.98%、61.15%和83.44%,且男性高于女性(51.34% vs 20.67%),差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.001)。多因素Cox回归分析显示,TyG-BMI轨迹水平、尿酸、舒张压、血红蛋白和丙氨酸氨基转移酶增高均是MAFLD发病的独立危险因素(P值均<0.05),高密度脂蛋白胆固醇增高是MAFLD的独立保护因素(P<0.001)。校正混杂因素后,中水平组、高水平组和极高水平组的风险比分别为4.430[95%置信区间(CI):2.660~7.377,P<0.001]、6.937(95%CI:4.110~11.708,P<0.001)和7.989(95%CI:4.616~13.827,P<0.001)。ROC曲线分析结果显示,TyG-BMI的诊断价值最高,ROC曲线下面积值为0.859(95%CI:0.840~0.879),敏感度为79.8%,特异度为76.3%。 结论 MAFLD的发病风险随着TyG-BMI轨迹水平的升高而增加,TyG-BMI可作为MAFLD的预测指标。 -
关键词:
- 代谢相关脂肪性肝病 /
- 甘油三酯葡萄糖-体重指数 /
- 危险因素
Abstract:Objective To investigate the association between serum fasting triglyceride glucose-body mass index (TyG-BMI) and new-onset metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) within 10 years. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for the data of individuals who underwent physical examination in The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University in 2013, 2018, and 2023 and were not diagnosed with MAFLD in 2013, and a total of 1 340 valid subjects were enrolled according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The gbmt package in R 4.3.0 was used to construct the dynamic change trajectory model of TyG-BMI, and four different TyG-BMI trajectory groups were determined, i.e., the low-level group (n=352), the medium-level group (n=517), the high-level group (n=314), and the extremely high-level group (n=157). The data on general information and blood biochemical parameters were collected from all subjects and were then compared between groups. The chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups, and the Kruskal-Wallis H test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data with heterogeneity of variance between multiple groups. The Cox regression analysis was used to investigate the association between different TyG-BMI trajectories and the risk of MAFLD, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to assess the value of TyG-BMI in the diagnosis of MAFLD. Results The cumulative incidence rate of MAFLD increased with the increase in the level of TyG-BMI trajectory, with a cumulative incidence rate of 4.83% in the low-level group, 29.98% in the medium-level group, 61.15% in the high-level group, and 83.44% in the extremely high-level group (P<0.001), and the cumulative incidence rate of MAFLD in men was significantly higher than that in women (51.34% vs 20.67%, P<0.001). The multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that increases in the levels of TyG-BMI trajectory, uric acid, diastolic blood pressure, hemoglobin, and alanine aminotransferase were independent risk factors for the onset of MAFLD (all P<0.05), while the increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was an independent protective factor against MAFLD (P<0.001). After adjustment for confounding factors, the medium-, high-, and extremely high-level groups had a hazard ratio of 4.430 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.660 — 7.377, P<0.001), 6.937 (95%CI: 4.110 — 11.708, P<0.001), and 7.989 (95%CI: 4.616 — 13.827, P<0.001), respectively. The ROC curve analysis showed that TyG-BMI had the highest diagnostic value, with an area under the ROC curve of 0.859 (95%CI: 0.840 — 0.879), a sensitivity of 79.8%, and a specificity of 76.3%. Conclusion The risk of MAFLD increases with the increase in the level of TyG-BMI trajectory, and TyG-BMI can be used as a predictive indicator for MAFLD. -
表 1 不同TyG-BMI轨迹组发生MAFLD情况
Table 1. The occurrence of MAFLD in different TyG-BMI trajectory groups
MAFLD 低水平组 中水平组 高水平组 极高水平组 χ2值 P值 总计[例(%)] 436.986 <0.001 是 17(4.83) 155(29.98) 192(61.15) 131(83.44) 否 335(95.17) 362(70.02) 122(38.85) 26(16.56) 男[例(%)] 169.468 <0.001 是 7(8.43) 94(37.01) 154(63.11) 110(84.61) 否 76(91.57) 160(62.99) 90(36.89) 20(15.39) 女[例(%)] 145.495 <0.001 是 10(3.72) 61(23.19) 38(54.29) 21(77.78) 否 259(96.28) 202(76.81) 32(45.71) 6(22.22) 注:MAFLD,代谢相关脂肪性肝病;TyG-BMI,甘油三酯葡萄糖-体重指数。
表 2 不同TyG-BMI轨迹组2013年基线情况对比
Table 2. Comparison of baseline data in 2013 among different TyG-BMI trajectory groups
指标 低水平组(n=352) 中水平组(n=517) 高水平组(n=314) 极高水平组(n=157) 统计值 P值 性别[例(%)] χ2=258.203 <0.001 男 83(23.58) 254(49.13) 244(77.71) 130(82.80) 女 269(76.42) 263(50.87) 70(22.29) 27(17.20) 年龄(岁) 30.00(26.00~40.00) 32.00(27.00~44.00) 39.00(29.00~49.00) 39.00(32.00~48.00) H=57.007 <0.001 白细胞计数(×109/L) 6.00(5.04~6.92) 6.32(5.40~7.00) 6.34(5.46~7.01) 6.61(6.12~7.48) H=36.296 <0.001 红细胞计数(×1012/L) 4.58(4.35~4.83) 4.83(4.49~5.15) 4.91(4.71~5.21) 4.99(4.80~5.25) H=125.739 <0.001 血红蛋白(g/L) 136(128~143) 144(133~154) 150(143~158) 151(144~160) H=196.473 <0.001 血小板计数(×109/L) 212(174~246) 212(174~245) 212(175~240) 212(183~253) H=1.163 0.762 尿酸(μmol/L) 249(208~302) 290(244~342) 347(299~398) 375(331~430) H=320.686 <0.001 尿素(mmol/L) 4.30(3.60~5.00) 4.58(3.70~5.40) 4.70(3.97~5.50) 4.70(3.80~5.49) H=25.571 <0.001 肌酐(μmol/L) 61.50(55.00~72.00) 69.00(58.00~82.00) 79.00(68.00~89.00) 82.00(73.00~92.00) H=178.901 <0.001 空腹血糖(mmol/L) 4.76(4.49~5.02) 4.91(4.60~5.21) 5.02(4.68~5.47) 5.20(4.75~5.61) H=84.547 <0.001 总蛋白(g/L) 73.30(70.20~76.30) 73.30(70.30~76.30) 73.20(70.00~75.70) 73.30(71.00~75.10) H=3.062 0.382 白蛋白(g/L) 46.08(44.53~47.48) 46.08(44.65~47.50) 46.08(44.50~47.80) 46.08(44.15~47.85) H=0.520 0.914 总胆红素(μmol/L) 13.20(9.60~16.40) 12.60(9.00~15.65) 13.40(9.27~16.63) 13.30(10.55~15.70) H=5.306 0.151 直接胆红素(μmol/L) 4.70(3.50~4.80) 4.70(3.30~5.80) 4.70(3.30~5.70) 4.80(3.50~5.60) H=1.606 0.658 AST(U/L) 18.00(15.00~23.00) 20.00(16.00~25.00) 22.00(18.00~27.00) 25.00(18.00~32.00) H=89.688 <0.001 ALT(U/L) 14.00(10.00~20.00) 18.00(13.00~28.00) 25.00(17.00~36.00) 33.00(22.00~55.00) H=230.692 <0.001 TG(mmol/L) 0.77(0.61~1.01) 1.14(0.85~1.51) 1.57(1.13~2.15) 2.31(1.50~3.30) H=486.587 <0.001 TC(mmol/L) 4.27(3.79~4.91) 4.63(4.06~5.21) 4.89(4.33~5.66) 5.10(4.50~5.96) H=112.169 <0.001 HDL-C(mmol/L) 1.66(1.50~1.94) 1.48(1.25~1.71) 1.33(1.14~1.54) 1.23(1.07~1.41) H=237.554 <0.001 LDL-C(mmol/L) 2.44(2.04~3.00) 2.95(2.39~3.40) 3.21(2.67~3.97) 3.39(3.00~4.11) H=193.156 <0.001 收缩压(mmHg) 116(106~123) 122(112~127) 126(118~135) 130(120~142) H=150.239 <0.001 舒张压(mmHg) 71(63~76) 75(67~79) 78(72~85) 80(74~88) H=143.131 <0.001 WC(cm) 70(67~78) 79(74~85) 91(86~94) 98(92~101) H=686.231 <0.001 BMI(kg/m2) 20.16(18.99~21.88) 22.97(21.58~23.29) 24.82(23.65~26.00) 27.12(25.71~28.69) H=788.328 <0.001 TyG-WC 563.7(529.0~609.8) 664.2(613.9~721.5) 790.2(747.7~831.7) 896.1(822.8~935.6) H=854.144 <0.001 注:AST,天冬氨酸氨基转移酶;ALT,丙氨酸氨基转移酶;TC,总胆固醇;TG,甘油三酯;HDL-C,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇;LDL-C,低密度脂蛋白胆固醇;BMI,体重指数;TyG,甘油三酯葡萄糖指数;WC,腰围;TyG-WC,甘油三酯葡萄糖-腰围指数;TyG-BMI,甘油三酯葡萄糖-体重指数。
表 3 不同TyG-BMI轨迹组发生MAFLD的单因素Cox分析
Table 3. Univariate Cox analysis of the incidence of MAFLD in different TyG-BMI trajectory groups
因素 β值 SE Wald HR(95%CI) P值 TyG-BMI分组 中水平组 1.826 0.255 51.069 6.208(3.762~10.243) <0.001 高水平组 2.539 0.253 100.639 12.661(7.710~20.790) <0.001 极高水平组 2.849 0.258 122.168 17.277(10.424~28.635) <0.001 男性 0.910 0.102 79.349 2.484(2.033~3.034) <0.001 年龄(岁) 0.019 0.004 20.581 1.019(1.011~1.028) <0.001 白细胞计数(×109/L) 0.133 0.024 30.018 1.142(1.089~1.198) <0.001 红细胞计数(×1012/L) 0.586 0.073 64.202 1.797(1.557~2.074) <0.001 血红蛋白(g/L) 0.010 0.001 69.799 1.010(1.008~1.013) <0.001 肌酐(μmol/L) 0.083 0.031 7.070 1.087(1.022~1.156) 0.008 尿素(mmol/L) 0.013 0.002 42.480 1.013(1.009~1.017) <0.001 尿酸(μmol/L) 0.005 0.000 119.697 1.005(1.004~1.005) <0.001 空腹血糖(mmol/L) 0.110 0.021 28.620 1.116(1.072~1.162) <0.001 AST(U/L) 0.023 0.004 26.268 1.023(1.014~1.032) <0.001 ALT(U/L) 0.017 0.002 118.064 1.018(1.014~1.021) <0.001 收缩压(mmHg) 0.018 0.003 48.849 1.018(1.013~1.023) <0.001 舒张压(mmHg) 0.033 0.004 78.123 1.033(1.026~1.041) <0.001 BMI(kg/m2) 0.199 0.013 225.807 1.220(1.189~1.253) <0.001 TG(mmol/L) 0.104 0.011 85.896 1.110(1.085~1.134) <0.001 TC(mmol/L) 0.117 0.036 10.746 1.125(1.048~1.206) 0.001 HDL-C(mmol/L) -1.804 0.160 127.203 0.165(0.120~0.225) <0.001 LDL-C(mmol/L) 0.288 0.053 29.990 1.334(1.203~1.479) <0.001 TyG 0.754 0.057 177.230 2.125(1.901~2.374) <0.001 WC(cm) 0.005 0.001 39.463 1.005(1.003~1.007) <0.001 TyG-WC 0.001 0.000 79.260 1.001(1.000~1.001) <0.001 注:AST,天冬氨酸氨基转移酶;ALT,丙氨酸氨基转移酶;TC,总胆固醇;TG,甘油三酯;HDL-C,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇;LDL-C,低密度脂蛋白胆固醇;BMI,体重指数;TyG,甘油三酯葡萄糖指数;WC,腰围;TyG-WC,甘油三酯葡萄糖-腰围指数;TyG-BMI,甘油三酯葡萄糖-体重指数;MAFLD,代谢相关脂肪性肝病;HR,风险比;CI,置信区间;SE,标准误。
表 4 不同TyG-BMI轨迹组发生MAFLD的多因素Cox分析
Table 4. Multivariate Cox analysis of the incidence of MAFLD in different TyG-BMI trajectory groups
因素 β值 SE Wald HR(95%CI) P值 TyG-BMI分组 中水平组 1.488 0.260 32.710 4.430(2.660~7.377) <0.001 高水平组 1.937 0.267 52.608 6.937(4.110~11.708) <0.001 极高水平组 2.078 0.280 55.132 7.989(4.616~13.827) <0.001 尿酸(μmol/L) 0.001 0.001 4.248 1.001(1.000~1.002) 0.039 HLD-C(mmol/L) -0.659 0.181 13.256 0.517(0.363~0.738) <0.001 舒张压(mmHg) 0.009 0.004 4.371 1.009(1.001~1.017) 0.037 血红蛋白(g/L) 0.006 0.002 7.660 1.006(1.002~1.010) 0.006 ALT(U/L) 0.006 0.002 8.067 1.006(1.002~1.011) 0.005 注:ALT,丙氨酸氨基转移酶;HDL-C,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇;TyG-BMI,甘油三酯葡萄糖-体重指数;MAFLD,代谢相关脂肪性肝病;HR,风险比;CI,置信区间;SE,标准误。
表 5 TyG-BMI及其相关参数对MAFLD的诊断效能比较
Table 5. Comparison of the diagnostic efficacy of the TyG-BMI and its related parameters for MAFLD
指标 AUC(95%CI) 最佳临
界值敏感
度特异
度P值 WC 0.769(0.743~0.795) 87.500 0.616 0.804 <0.001 BMI 0.811(0.788~0.834) 23.850 0.693 0.763 <0.001 TyG 0.780(0.756~0.805) 8.505 0.836 0.595 <0.001 TyG-WC 0.824(0.801~0.847) 758.835 0.697 0.805 <0.001 TyG-BMI 0.859(0.840~0.879) 209.220 0.798 0.763 <0.001 注:WC,腰围;BMI,体重指数;TyG,甘油三酯葡萄糖指数;TyG-BMI,甘油三酯葡萄糖-体重指数;AUC,曲线下面积;CI,置信区间;MAFLD,代谢相关脂肪性肝病。
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