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肝移植术后并发急性肾损伤的危险因素及预测模型构建

李梦茹 张旭 徐钧

引用本文:
Citation:

肝移植术后并发急性肾损伤的危险因素及预测模型构建

DOI: 10.12449/JCH260218
基金项目: 

国家自然科学基金 (82470693);

山西省重点实验室项目 (202204010931008);

山西省中央引导地方科技发展资金项目 (YDZJSX2021B012);

山西省重点研发计划 (202302130501013)

伦理学声明:本研究方案于2023年12月22日经由山西医科大学第一医院医学伦理委员会审批通过,伦理批号:KYLL-2023-271。
利益冲突声明:本文不存在任何利益冲突。
作者贡献声明:李梦茹负责收集数据,论文框架,绘制图表,论文撰写;张旭负责收集数据和整理,统计学分析;徐钧负责拟定写作思路,指导撰写文章并最后定稿。
详细信息
    通信作者:

    徐钧, junxuty@163.com (ORCID: 0000-0003-3755-9660)

Risk factors for acute kidney injury after liver transplantation and establishment of a predictive model

Research funding: 

National Natural Science Foundation of China (82470693);

Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory Project (202204010931008);

Shanxi Central Guidance Local Science and Technology Development Fund Project (YDZJSX2021B012);

Shanxi Key Research and Development Program (202302130501013)

More Information
    Corresponding author: XU Jun, junxuty@163.com (ORCID: 0000-0003-3755-9660)
  • 摘要:   目的  探讨肝移植术后发生急性肾损伤(AKI)的影响因素,构建并验证其风险预测模型,为临床早期识别高危患者和干预提供依据。  方法  采用单中心、回顾性研究方法,收集2020年3月—2025年6月于山西医科大学第一医院肝脏移植中心行肝移植手术的162例患者的临床资料。根据改善全球肾脏病预后组织共识的AKI诊断标准,按照术后7 d内AKI的发生情况,将患者分为AKI组(n=69)和非AKI组(n=93)。符合正态分布的计量资料组间比较采用成组t检验;非正态分布的计量资料组间比较采用Mann-Whitney U检验;计数资料两组间比较采用χ2检验或Fisher确切概率法。采用单因素差异分析筛选与肝移植术后AKI相关的因素,多因素Logistic回归筛选出独立危险因素,并建立列线图模型,采用Bootstrap法重复抽样1 000次,对模型进行内部验证,将数据集按照7∶3随机分为训练集(n=113)和验证集(n=49),通过受试者操作特征曲线、校准曲线和决策曲线分析评估预测模型的区分度、校准度和临床适用性。  结果  肝移植术后AKI的独立危险因素包括体重指数[比值比(OR)=1.281,95%置信区间(CI):1.037~1.582,P=0.022]、血肌酐(OR=1.097,95%CI:1.020~1.181,P=0.013)、术中出血量(OR=1.005,95%CI:1.002~1.009,P=0.004)和冷缺血时间(OR=0.984,95%CI:0.976~0.991,P<0.001)。根据上述因素构建列线图预测模型,受试者操作特征曲线下面积(AUC)为0.964(95%CI:0.931~0.997),最佳截断值为0.319,灵敏度为0.971,特异度为0.903。在训练集中,列线图的AUC为0.969(95%CI:0.933~0.971);验证集中的AUC为0.941(95%CI:0.855~0.944),校准曲线显示预测发生率和实际发生率具有较好的一致性,决策曲线分析显示模型具有良好的临床净获益。  结论  体重指数、血肌酐、冷缺血时间和术中出血量是肝移植术后发生AKI的独立危险因素,基于此构建的列线图预测模型表现良好,对肝移植术后AKI的发生有较好的预测价值。

     

  • 注: AKI,急性肾损伤;ROC曲线,受试者操作特征曲线。

    图  1  肝移植术后AKI的ROC曲线

    Figure  1.  ROC curve for AKI after liver transplantation

    注: AKI,急性肾损伤。

    图  2  肝移植术后AKI的列线图预测模型

    Figure  2.  Nomogram prediction model for AKI after liver transplantation

    注: a,训练集;b,验证集。AKI,急性肾损伤;ROC曲线,受试者操作特征曲线。

    图  3  肝移植术后AKI的列线图在训练集和验证集中的ROC曲线

    Figure  3.  The ROC curves for AKI after liver transplantation in the training set and validation set

    注: a,训练集;b,验证集。AKI,急性肾损伤。

    图  4  肝移植术后AKI的列线图在训练集和验证集中的校准曲线

    Figure  4.  Calibration curves for postoperative AKI after liver transplantation in the training set and validation set

    注: a,训练集;b,验证集。AKI,急性肾损伤;DCA,决策曲线分析。

    图  5  肝移植术后AKI列线图预测模型的DCA

    Figure  5.  DCA curve analysis of the prediction model for postoperative AKI in liver transplantation

    表  1  肝移植术后AKI的单因素分析

    Table  1.   Univariate analysis of AKI after liver transplantation

    指标 总计(n=162) AKI组(n=69) 非AKI组(n=93) 统计值 P
    性别[例(%)] χ2=0.146 0.702
    122(75.3) 53(76.8) 69(74.2)
    40(24.6) 16(23.2) 24(25.8)
    年龄[例(%)] χ2=0.463 0.496
    <60岁 124(76.5) 51(74.0) 73(78.5)
    ≥60岁 38(23.5) 18(26.0) 20(21.5)
    BMI(kg/m2 24.07±4.19 25.89±4.49 22.71±3.37 t=-5.141 <0.001
    原发疾病类型[例(%)] χ2=7.452 0.114
    免疫性 28(17.2) 12(17.4) 16(17.2)
    肿瘤性 29(17.9) 8(11.6) 21(22.6)
    病毒性 67(41.4) 36(52.2) 31(33.3)
    酒精性 24(14.9) 9(13.0) 15(16.1)
    其他 14(8.6) 4(5.8) 10(10.8)
    肝性脑病[例(%)] 26(16) 16(23.2) 10(10.8) χ2=4.546 0.033
    糖尿病[例(%)] 30(18.5) 15(21.7) 15(16.1) χ2=0.826 0.363
    高血压[例(%)] 27(16.7) 12(17.4) 15(16.1) χ2=0.045 0.831
    吸烟史[例(%)] 59(36.4) 23(33.3) 36(38.7) χ2=0.494 0.482
    饮酒史[例(%)] 60(37.0) 24(34.8) 36(38.7) χ2=0.262 0.609
    RBC(×1012/L) 3.30(2.63~3.81) 2.97(2.46~3.66) 3.38(2.86~3.94) Z=-1.734 0.083
    WBC(×109/L) 3.22(2.20~5.10) 3.30(2.30~5.40) 3.00(2.20~4.90) Z=-0.552 0.581
    PLT(×109/L) 54.00(37.50~89.25) 52.00(38.00~75.50) 57.00(36.00~94.00) Z=-0.654 0.513
    HGB(g/L) 97.50(82.00~114.25) 94.00(78.50~107.00) 102.00(85.00~117.00) Z=-2.451 0.014
    SCr(μmol/L) 62.20(52.00~77.00) 73.20(62.00~88.65) 56.20(47.50~66.75) Z=-5.733 <0.001
    TBil(μmol/L) 48.30(29.85~93.23) 51.90(33.95~141.30) 44.20(22.75~81.10) Z=-1.567 0.117
    DBil(μmol/L) 20.55(9.53~50.23) 24.10(11.80~57.30) 20.00(6.75~47.85) Z=-1.482 0.138
    TP(g/L) 57.30(44.44~66.53) 54.10(37.65~63.65) 59.20(50.45~67.40) Z=-2.124 0.034
    AST(U/L) 38.00(28.00~59.25) 38.00(28.50~55.00) 38.00(27.50~61.00) Z=-0.320 0.749
    ALT(U/L) 27.00(18.00~46.25) 25.00(18.00~40.00) 28.00(18.00~47.50) Z=-0.622 0.534
    PT(s) 18.25(15.80~20.93) 18.60(16.10~21.60) 17.80(15.60~20.50) Z=-1.414 0.157
    APTT(s) 36.75(32.58~45.43) 39.80(33.00~50.70) 35.20(32.30~40.70) Z=-2.358 0.018
    INR 1.55(1.30~1.87) 1.63(1.34~1.91) 1.47(1.27~1.84) Z=-1.846 0.065
    无肝期时间(min) 55(40~67) 67(42~67) 50(40~67) Z=-1.492 0.136
    冷缺血时间(min) 180(170~210) 185(180~360) 180(165~185) Z=-5.282 <0.001
    供肝血供恢复-胆道吻合时间(min) 40(40~60) 40(40~60) 40(10~250) Z=-0.982 0.326
    无肝期尿量(min) 200(60~500) 500(55~500) 150(65.5~500) Z=-0.499 0.618
    术中输注红细胞(mL) 12(8~18) 14(10~18) 12(8~18) Z=-1.463 0.143
    术中输注血浆(mL) 1 000(0~2 000) 1 000(0~1 900) 1 000(0~2 000) Z=-0.565 0.572
    术中出血量(mL) 1 000(800~1 200) 1 200(1 050~1 500) 800(650~1 000) Z=-8.465 <0.001
    术后AST峰值(U/L) 862.50(371.25~1 454.75) 986.00(370.00~1 893.50) 804.00(369.50~1 209.50) Z=-1.501 0.133
    术后ALT峰值(U/L) 493.00(269.00~737.50) 531.00(263.50~846.00) 422.00(274.00~657.50) Z=-1.501 0.133
    术后感染[例(%)] 40(24.7) 29(42.0) 11(11.8) χ2=19.430 <0.001
    术后使用万古霉素[例(%)] 28(17.3) 14(20.3) 14(15.1) χ2=0.760 0.383

    注:AKI,急性肾损伤;BMI,体重指数;RBC,红细胞;WBC,白细胞;PLT,血小板;HGB,血红蛋白;SCr,血肌酐;TBil,总胆红素;DBil,直接胆红素;TP,总蛋白;AST,天冬氨酸氨基转移酶;ALT,丙氨酸氨基转移酶;PT,凝血酶原时间;APTT,活化部分凝血活酶时间;INR,国际标准化比值。

    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  肝移植术后AKI的多因素Logistic分析

    Table  2.   Multivariate Logistic analysis of AKI after liver transplantation

    变量 β SE Wald P OR 95%CI
    BMI 0.248 0.108 5.278 0.022 1.281 1.037~1.582
    肝性脑病 1.435 0.805 3.180 0.075 4.200 0.867~20.33
    HGB -0.001 0.004 0.109 0.742 0.999 0.992~1.006
    APTT 0.007 0.046 0.024 0.876 1.007 0.921~1.101
    SCr 0.093 0.037 6.159 0.013 1.097 1.020~1.181
    TP -0.032 0.040 0.657 0.418 0.968 0.896~1.047
    冷缺血时间 -0.016 0.004 18.067 <0.001 0.984 0.976~0.991
    术中出血量 0.005 0.002 8.273 0.004 1.005 1.002~1.009
    术后感染 -1.058 1.797 21.347 0.055 0.347 0.118~1.023

    注:AKI,急性肾损伤;BMI,体重指数;HGB,血红蛋白;APTT,活化部分凝血活酶时间;SCr,血肌酐;TP,总蛋白;OR,比值比;CI,置信区间。

    下载: 导出CSV
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