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原发性肝癌患者发生门静脉癌栓的影响因素分析及列线图构建

陈永臻 常丽仙 何愿强 木唤 许丹青 张映媛 魏红艳 王远珍 刘春云 刘立

引用本文:
Citation:

原发性肝癌患者发生门静脉癌栓的影响因素分析及列线图构建

DOI: 10.12449/JCH251217
基金项目: 

昆明市科技计划项目 (2024-1-NS-0035);

昆明市卫生健康委员会科研基金资助项目 (2023-03-08-001)

伦理学声明:本研究经昆明市第三人民医院伦理委员会审查批准,批号:KSLL202401300018,所有入组患者及其法定监护人均已签署书面知情同意文件。
利益冲突声明:本文不存在任何利益冲突。
作者贡献声明:陈永臻、常丽仙负责资料收集、分析,撰写论文;何愿强、木唤、许丹青、张映媛、魏红艳、王远珍负责资料收集;刘春云、刘立负责写作思路的指导并最后定稿。
详细信息
    通信作者:

    刘春云, 751440760@qq.com (ORCID: 0000-0001-5343-5305)

Influencing factors for portal vein tumor thrombus in patients with primary hepatic carcinoma and establishment of a nomogram model

Research funding: 

Kunming Science and Technology Plan Project (2024-1-NS-0035);

Research Fund Supported by Kunming Municipal Health Commission (2023-03-08-001)

More Information
    Corresponding author: LIU Chunyun, 751440760@qq.com (ORCID: 0000-0001-5343-5305)
  • 摘要:   目的  探讨原发性肝癌(PHC)患者发生门静脉癌栓(PVTT)的影响因素,构建预测模型列线图,并对模型性能进行评估。  方法  回顾性纳入2018年1月—2022年12月昆明市第三人民医院收治的664例初诊PHC患者,依据是否发生PVTT分为病例组(n=368)和对照组(n=296)。收集研究对象的一般资料、血生化指标、T淋巴细胞亚群、血常规指标、细胞因子、甲状腺功能指标以及Child-Pugh分级、中国肝癌临床分期(CNLC分期)。符合正态分布的定量资料2组间比较采用成组t检验;非正态分布定量资料2组间比较采用Mann-Whitney U检验。定性资料2组间比较采用χ2检验或Fisher精确检验。将单因素分析中有统计学意义的变量进行Lasso回归,筛选后的变量采用二元Logistic回归分析,确定PHC患者发生PVTT的影响因素。使用“rms”程序包构建列线图;使用“pROC”程序包绘制受试者操作特征曲线(ROC曲线)并计算曲线下面积(AUC);使用“Calibration Curves”程序包绘制校准曲线,使用“rmda”程序包绘制临床决策曲线及临床影响曲线对预测模型进行评价。  结果  PHC患者中发生PVTT 368例(55.42%)。PHC的病因为乙型肝炎的患者有575例(86.60%),其他原因有89例(13.40%),病因以乙型肝炎为主。对照组年龄、前白蛋白(PA)、胆碱酯酶(ChE)、CD3+及CD8+T细胞、癌胚抗原(CEA)、三碘甲状腺原氨酸(T3)、游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT3)水平均高于病例组(P值均<0.05);而病例组Child-Pugh B和C级患者占比、WBC、PLT、AST、ALT、GGT、ALP、异常凝血酶原(PIVKA-Ⅱ)、总胆汁酸(TBA)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、游离甲状腺素(FT4)、甲状腺素(T4)、AFP、IL-6、IL-10、TNF-α水平均高于对照组(P值均<0.05)。Logistic回归分析结果显示,PIVKA-Ⅱ(OR=1.968,95%CI:1.633~2.370,P<0.001)、PA(OR=0.994,95%CI:0.991~0.998,P=0.002)、FT4OR=1.092,95%CI:1.030~1.159,P=0.003)、TNF-α(OR=1.085,95%CI:1.053~1.119,P<0.001)为PHC患者发生PVTT的独立影响因素,据此建立列线图模型。列线图预测模型的AUC为0.816(95%CI:0.783~0.849),灵敏度为0.834,特异度为0.652。校准曲线显示,此模型预测PHC患者发生PVTT具有较好的一致性,而临床决策曲线、临床影响曲线表示在一定的阈值内此模型具有较好的临床实用性。  结论  PIVKA-Ⅱ、PA、FT4、TNF-α是PHC患者发生PVTT的独立影响因素,联合检测能够较好地预测PHC患者发生PVTT的风险。

     

  • 图  1  LASSO回归系数路径

    Figure  1.  LASSO regression coefficient path

    图  2  LASSO回归交叉验证结果

    Figure  2.  LASSO regression cross-validation results

    图  3  PHC患者发生PVTT的列线图

    Figure  3.  Nomogram of PVTT in patients with PHC

    图  4  预测PHC患者发生PVTT的ROC曲线

    Figure  4.  The ROC curve for predicting PVTT in patients with PHC

    图  5  列线图模型预测PHC患者发生PVTT校准曲线

    Figure  5.  The nomogram model predicts the calibration curve of PVTT in patients with PHC

    图  6  列线图模型预测PHC患者发生PVTT的临床决策曲线

    Figure  6.  The clinical decision curve of the nomogram model for predicting PVTT in patients with PHC

    图  7  列线图模型预测PHC患者发生PVTT的临床影响曲线

    Figure  7.  The clinical impact curve of the nomogram model for predicting PVTT in patients with PHC

    表  1  两组患者临床基线特征比较

    Table  1.   Comparison of clinical baseline characteristics between the two groups of patients

    指标 对照组(n=296) 病例组(n=368) 统计值 P
    年龄(岁) 55.00(50.00~63.00) 53.00(48.00~60.00) Z=-2.361 0.018
    BMI(kg/m2 22.42(20.07~25.10) 21.81(19.93~24.25) Z=-1.792 0.073
    Child-Pugh分级[例(%)] χ2=22.804 < 0.001
    A级 133(44.93) 101(27.44)
    B级 105(35.47) 160(43.48)
    C级 58(19.59) 107(29.08)
    CNLC分期[例(%)] χ2=0.349 0.608
    Ⅰ期/Ⅱ期 150(50.68) 178(48.37)
    Ⅲ期/Ⅳ期 146(49.32) 190(51.63)
    性别[例(%)] χ2=0.132 0.776
    153(51.69) 185(50.27)
    143(48.31) 183(49.73)
    乙型肝炎家族史[例(%)] χ2=1.777 0.249
    285(96.28) 346(94.02)
    11(3.72) 22(5.98)
    饮酒史[例(%)] χ2=0.251 0.616
    157(53.04) 188(51.09)
    139(46.96) 180(48.91)
    吸烟史[例(%)] χ2=0.634 0.473
    138(46.62) 183(49.73)
    158(53.38) 185(50.27)
    吸毒史[例(%)] χ2=3.594 0.079
    277(93.58) 329(89.40)
    19(6.42) 39(10.60)
    病因[例(%)] χ2=0.709 0.400
    乙型肝炎 260(87.84) 315(85.60)
    其他 36(12.16) 53(14.40)
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  两组患者实验室检查指标比较

    Table  2.   Comparison of laboratory test indicators between two groups of patients

    指标 对照组(n=296) 病例组(n=368) 统计值 P
    血常规及凝血功能指标
    WBC(×109/L) 5.06(3.66~6.62) 5.70(4.04~7.96) Z=-3.364 <0.001
    Hb(g/L) 133.50(111.75~152.00) 129.00(108.75~149.00) Z=-1.812 0.070
    PLT(×109/L) 101.00(68.00~164.25) 122.50(83.75~194.50) Z=-3.544 <0.001
    FIB(g/L) 2.75(1.99~3.85) 2.95(2.15~4.07) Z=-1.841 0.066
    血生化指标
    PIVKA-Ⅱ(lg mAU/mL) 2.14(1.48~3.57) 3.94(3.03~4.52) Z=-1.618 <0.001
    AST(U/L) 51.00(33.00~90.00) 94.00(57.00~171.25) Z=-8.832 <0.001
    ALT(U/L) 37.00(22.75~59.25) 45.00(30.00~81.00) Z=-3.994 <0.001
    TP(g/L) 65.56 ± 8.11 64.86±8.58 t=-1.432 0.278
    PA(mg/L) 113.65(77.65~177.52) 92.85(66.47~120.75) Z=-5.973 <0.001
    GGT(U/L) 87.00(49.00~188.25) 216.00(117.75~371.00) Z=-9.549 <0.001
    ALP(U/L) 156.50(115.75~232.25) 213.50(143.00~331.00) Z=-5.976 <0.001
    ChE(U/L) 3 934.50(2 461.50~6 154.00) 3 167.00(2 125.00~4 457.75) Z=-5.080 <0.001
    TBA(μmol/L) 17.95(7.52~48.47) 25.40(10.20~61.68) Z=-2.857 0.004
    TG(mmol/L) 0.92(0.62~1.28) 0.89(0.65~1.26) Z=-0.556 0.579
    TC(mmol/L) 3.82(3.13~4.91) 3.78(3.00~4.75) Z=-0.646 0.518
    LDL(mmol/L) 2.38(1.77~3.13) 2.48(1.82~3.33) Z=-1.206 0.228
    Cr(μmol/L) 65.00(55.75~79.25) 66.00(57.00~81.00) Z=-0.829 0.407
    UA(μmol/L) 317.50(256.75~409.25) 331.00(250.00~414.00) Z=-0.103 0.918
    BG(mmol/L) 5.46(4.92~6.33) 5.40(4.77~6.20) Z=-1.375 0.169
    hs-CRP(mg/L) 9.56(1.92~26.92) 24.54(9.18~49.92) Z=-7.205 <0.001
    AFP(lg µg/L) 1.22(0.61~2.67) 2.90(1.33~4.55) Z=-8.805 <0.001
    CEA(µg/L) 3.30(2.30~5.07) 3.06(1.89~4.70) Z=-2.091 0.037
    甲状腺功能指标
    TSH(mIU/mL) 2.34(1.59~3.65) 2.34(1.59~3.32) Z=-0.947 0.344
    T3(nmol/L) 1.59(1.23~1.90) 1.39(1.10~1.76) Z=-3.879 <0.001
    T4(nmol/L) 99.38(85.06~116.53) 106.90(88.40~128.85) Z=-3.169 0.002
    FT3(pmol/L) 3.91(3.11~4.57) 3.44(2.78~4.11) Z=-4.842 <0.001
    FT4(pmol/L) 16.09(14.43~18.08) 16.91(15.13~18.91) Z=-3.394 <0.001
    T淋巴细胞计数
    CD3+(个/μL) 780.21(593.03~1 041.05) 729.42(573.33~924.39) Z=-2.229 0.026
    CD4+(个/μL) 440.92(316.78~569.59) 416.21(307.06~547.04) Z=-1.325 0.185
    CD8+(个/μL) 276.00(184.81~431.90) 260.40(168.04~360.96) Z=-2.309 0.021
    细胞因子
    IL-6(pg/mL) 26.99(10.85~53.88) 41.89(23.09~81.07) Z=-5.902 <0.001
    IL-10(pg/mL) 4.57(3.34~7.18) 5.44(3.95~8.82) Z=-4.002 <0.001
    TNF-α(pg/mL) 1.97(1.46~3.45) 4.35(2.29~9.05) Z=-10.174 <0.001
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  PHC患者发生PVTT的二元Logistic回归分析结果

    Table  3.   Results of binary Logistic regression analysis of PVTT in PHC patients

    指标 β SE Wald OR 95%CI P
    PIVKA-Ⅱ(lg mAU/mL) 0.677 0.095 50.746 1.968 1.633~2.370 <0.001
    PA(mg/L) -0.006 0.002 10.076 0.994 0.991~0.998 0.002
    FT4(pmol/L) 0.088 0.030 8.540 1.092 1.030~1.159 0.003
    TNF-α(pg/mL) 0.082 0.016 27.448 1.085 1.053~1.119 <0.001
    常量 -3.483 0.624 31.175 0.031 <0.001
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4  各变量及预测模型评估PHC发生PVTT的ROC曲线分析

    Table  4.   ROC analysis of each variable and predictive model in assessing PVTT in patients with PHC

    指标 AUC 95%CI Cut-off值 灵敏度 特异度 P
    PIVKA-Ⅱ(lg mAU/mL) 0.762 0.725~0.799 2.633 0.829 0.605 <0.001
    PA(mg/L) 0.365 0.322~0.409 147.100 0.101 0.632 <0.001
    FT4(pmol/L) 0.577 0.533~0.620 16.301 0.620 0.537 <0.001
    TNF-α(pg/mL) 0.729 0.691~0.768 2.830 0.677 0.693 <0.001
    预测模型 0.816 0.783~0.849 0.834 0.652 <0.001
    下载: 导出CSV
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  • 收稿日期:  2025-04-24
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