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慢性乙型肝炎合并代谢相关脂肪性肝病患者特征及危险因素分析

赵晴 张丽慧 刘素彤 尚东方 张强 赵文霞

引用本文:
Citation:

慢性乙型肝炎合并代谢相关脂肪性肝病患者特征及危险因素分析

DOI: 10.12449/JCH251212
基金项目: 

国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目 (82205086);

全国名中医传承工作室建设项目 (Chinese Medicine Office Human Education Letter [2022] 245);

河南省中医药科学研究专项课题 (2022JDZX031);

河南省中医药科学研究专项课题 (2023ZXZX1092)

伦理学声明:本研究方案于2025年4月14日经由河南中医药大学第一附属医院伦理委员会审批,批号:2025HL-247。
利益冲突声明:本文不存在任何利益冲突。
作者贡献声明:赵晴负责收集分析资料,撰写论文;张丽慧、刘素彤负责录入数据;尚东方负责表格制作;张强负责统计学分析;赵文霞负责拟定思路,指导撰写文章,修改论文并定稿。
详细信息
    通信作者:

    赵文霞, zhao-wenxia@163.com (ORCID: 0000-0001-6666-9469)

Features and risk factors in chronic hepatitis B patients comorbid with metabolic associated fatty liver disease

Research funding: 

National Natural Science Foundation of China Youth Science Foundation Project (82205086);

National Famous Traditional Chinese Medicine Inheritance Studio Construction Project (Chinese Medicine Office Human Education Letter [2022] 245);

Special Subject of Scientific Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine in Henan Province (2022JDZX031);

Special Subject of Scientific Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine in Henan Province (2023ZXZX1092)

More Information
  • 摘要:   目的  探讨慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)合并代谢相关脂肪性肝病(MAFLD)患者的共病特征,并分析其危险因素,为临床防治提供依据。  方法  选取2023年1月—2024年12月于河南中医药大学第一附属医院确诊为CHB的患者92例,分为CHB合并MAFLD组(n=52)和单纯CHB组(n=40),收集两组患者的一般资料、临床病史信息、血清生化指标、病毒学检测指标和瞬时弹性纤维成像结果。计量资料两组间比较采用成组t检验或Mann-Whitney U检验;计数资料两组间比较采用χ2检验或Fisher确切概率法;采用二元Logistic回归分析法分析CHB合并MAFLD的危险因素。  结果  两组患者在性别、体重指数(BMI)、抗病毒治疗、抗病毒药物服用时长、高脂饮食和辛辣食品的偏好、ALT、尿酸(UA)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、控制衰减指数方面的差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。单因素回归分析显示,男性、喜好高脂饮食、喜食辛辣食品、抗病毒治疗、抗病毒药服用时长˃5年、BMI≥24 kg/m2、UA>357 μmol/L、TG>1.70 mmol/L与合并MAFLD相关联(P值均<0.05);多因素回归分析显示,抗病毒服药史˃5年(OR=9.38,95%CI:2.28~38.60,P=0.002)、BMI≥24 kg/m2OR=5.60,95%CI:1.75~17.88,P=0.004)、TG>1.70 mmol/L(OR=4.08,95%CI:1.17~14.31,P=0.028)是CHB患者合并MAFLD的独立危险因素。  结论  CHB合并MAFLD是代谢紊乱与长期抗病毒治疗共同作用的结果,临床应针对长期抗病毒治疗、超重/肥胖及高TG血症的CHB患者加强管理,实施针对性的筛查与干预策略。

     

  • 表  1  两组患者一般资料比较

    Table  1.   Comparison of general data between the two groups of patients

    指标 CHB合并MAFLD组(n=52) 单纯CHB组(n=40) 统计值 P
    年龄(岁) 40.50(36.75~45.50) 41.00(35.00~51.00) Z=-0.58 0.562
    性别[例(%)] χ2=8.42 0.004
    41(78.85) 20(50.00)
    11(21.15) 20(50.00)
    BMI(kg/m2 26.16±2.76 22.63±3.25 t=-5.62 <0.001
    体脂率(%) 26.98±5.69 26.04±5.58 t=-0.79 0.430
    职业[例(%)] χ2=0.66 0.416
    体力劳动 6(11.54) 7(17.50)
    非体力劳动 46(88.46) 33(82.50)
    教育程度[例(%)] χ2=0.60 0.437
    高学历 21(40.38) 13(32.50)
    低学历 31(59.62) 27(67.50)

    注:高学历指大专及以上学历;低学历指大专以下学历。CHB,慢性乙型肝炎;MAFLD,代谢相关脂肪性肝病;BMI,体重指数。

    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  两组患者临床病史资料比较

    Table  2.   Comparison of clinical history information between the two groups of patients

    指标 CHB合并MAFLD组(n=52) 单纯CHB组(n=40) 统计值 P
    乙型肝炎病程(年) 20.00(7.50~23.00) 10.00(2.00~20.00) Z=-1.74 0.083
    乙型肝炎家族史[例(%)] χ2=1.16 0.281
    24(46.15) 14(35.00)
    28(53.85) 26(65.00)
    MAFLD家族史[例(%)] χ2=0.01 0.927
    10(19.23) 8(20.00)
    42(80.77) 32(80.00)
    高血压病史[例(%)] χ2=0.00 >0.05
    6(11.54) 4(10.00)
    46(88.46) 36(90.00)
    糖尿病史[例(%)] χ2=0.17 0.678
    4(7.69) 5(12.50)
    48(92.31) 35(87.50)
    抗病毒治疗[例(%)] χ2=4.87 0.027
    11(21.15) 17(42.50)
    41(78.85) 23(57.50)
    抗病毒药服用时长(年) 4.00(1.00~9.00) 1.50(1.00~5.00) Z=-2.15 0.032

    注:CHB,慢性乙型肝炎;MAFLD,代谢相关脂肪性肝病。

    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  两组患者生活史比较

    Table  3.   Comparison of life history between the two groups of patients

    指标 CHB合并MAFLD组(n=52) 单纯CHB组(n=40) 统计值 P
    高脂饮食[例(%)] χ2=13.25 <0.001
    喜欢 30(57.69) 8(20.00)
    不喜欢 22(42.31) 32(80.00)
    高糖饮食[例(%)] χ2=2.19 0.139
    喜欢 9(17.31) 2(5.00)
    不喜欢 43(82.69) 38(95.00)
    辛辣食品[例(%)] χ2=4.79 0.029
    喜欢 20(38.46) 7(17.50)
    不喜欢 32(61.54) 33(82.50)
    生冷食物[例(%)] χ2=1.00 0.319
    喜欢 9(17.31) 4(10.00)
    不喜欢 43(82.69) 36(90.00)
    腌制食品[例(%)] χ2=0.39 0.532
    喜欢 4(7.69) 1(2.50)
    不喜欢 48(92.31) 39(97.50)
    吸烟史[例(%)] χ2=1.58 0.208
    戒烟满1年 25(48.08) 14(35.00)
    从不吸烟 27(51.92) 26(65.00)
    饮酒史[例(%)] χ2=1.14 0.286
    少量饮酒未戒酒 14(26.92) 7(17.50)
    无/少量饮酒已戒酒 38(73.08) 33(82.50)

    注:偏好高脂饮食:每周≥3次油炸食品/肥肉摄入;偏好高糖饮食:每周≥4次含糖饮量(≥250 mL/次),或甜品(糖添加量≥25 g/份)摄入;偏好辛辣食品:每周≥4次辛辣食品(如辣椒、花椒制品、火锅)摄入;偏好生冷食物:每周≥3次冷藏/生食(如冷饮、刺身)摄入;偏好腌制食品:每周≥3次盐渍食品(如咸菜、腊肉)摄入。CHB,慢性乙型肝炎;MAFLD,代谢相关脂肪性肝病。

    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4  两组患者实验室检测指标比较

    Table  4.   Comparison of laboratory test indexes between two groups of patients

    指标 CHB合并MAFLD组(n=52) 单纯CHB组(n=40) 统计值 P
    ALT(U/L) 28.40(25.47~42.08) 20.50(15.20~27.30) Z=-3.68 <0.001
    AST(U/L) 26.45(20.55~32.27) 22.90(19.85~32.60) Z=-0.68 0.495
    UA(μmol/L) 353.70(325.10~408.00) 295.90(234.77~337.20) Z=-3.30 <0.001
    CHOL(mmol/L) 4.47(3.79~5.11) 4.65(3.99~5.37) Z=-1.01 0.312
    TG(mmol/L) 1.63(1.10~1.98) 0.96(0.72~1.50) Z=-2.77 0.006
    HDL-L(mmol/L) 1.09±0.19 1.33±0.27 t=4.40 <0.001
    LDL-L(mmol/L) 3.05±0.62 3.06±0.68 t=0.06 0.948
    GLU(mmol/L) 5.64(5.29~6.00) 5.34(5.01~5.95) Z=-1.26 0.207
    HBV DNA[例(%)] χ2=2.42 0.120
    阳性 11(21.15) 15(37.50)
    阴性 41(78.85) 25(62.50)
    病毒载量[例(%)] χ2=0.06 0.804
    低载量 51(98.08) 38(95.00)
    高载量 1(1.92) 2(5.00)
    HBeAg状态[例(%)] χ2=0.00 0.986
    阴性 36(69.23) 27(67.50)
    阳性 16(30.77) 13(32.50)

    注:CHB,慢性乙型肝炎;MAFLD,代谢相关脂肪性肝病;UA,尿酸;CHOL,总胆固醇;TG,甘油三酯;HDL-L,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇;LDL-L,低密度脂蛋白胆固醇;GLU,随机血糖。

    下载: 导出CSV

    表  5  两组患者FibroScan参数比较

    Table  5.   Comparison of FibroScan parameters between the two groups of patients

    指标 CHB合并MAFLD组(n=52) 单纯CHB组(n=40) 统计值 P
    CAP(dB/m) 292.19±34.97 201.88±23.59 t=-14.76 <0.001
    LSM(kPa) 5.30(4.50~6.70) 5.50(5.07~6.78) Z=-1.04 0.300

    注:CHB,慢性乙型肝炎;MAFLD,代谢相关脂肪性肝病;CAP,控制衰减指数;LSM,肝硬度测定值。

    下载: 导出CSV

    表  6  抗病毒治疗不同时长的阈值分析

    Table  6.   Threshold analysis of different durations of antiviral therapy

    变量 β SE Z P OR(95%CI
    抗病毒时长>1年
    1.00
    0.81 0.44 1.86 0.063 2.25(0.96~5.29)
    抗病毒时长>2年
    1.00
    0.88 0.43 2.03 0.042 2.40(1.03~5.58)
    抗病毒时长>3年
    1.00
    0.89 0.44 2.02 0.043 2.42(1.03~5.71)
    抗病毒时长>4年
    1.00
    0.89 0.45 1.98 0.047 2.44(1.01~5.90)
    抗病毒时长>5年
    1.00
    1.81 0.60 3.02 0.003 6.10(1.89~19.69)
    抗病毒时长>6年
    1.00
    1.56 0.60 2.59 0.010 4.76(1.46~15.51)
    抗病毒时长>7年
    1.00
    1.48 0.60 2.44 0.015 4.37(1.34~14.29)
    抗病毒时长>8年
    1.00
    1.20 0.61 1.96 0.050 3.32(1.00~11.02)
    抗病毒时长>9年
    1.00
    0.99 0.62 1.60 0.110 2.70(0.80 ~ 9.13)
    抗病毒时长>10年
    1.00
    -0.99 1.24 -0.79 0.427 0.37(0.03~4.26)
    抗病毒时长>15年
    1.00
    -0.27 1.43 -0.19 0.851 0.76(0.05~12.61)

    注:OR,比值比;95%CI,95%置信区间。

    下载: 导出CSV

    表  7  CHB合并MAFLD的单因素Logistic回归分析

    Table  7.   Univariate Logistic regression analysis of CHB combined with MAFLD

    变量 β SE Z P OR(95%CI
    性别
    1.00
    1.32 0.46 2.84 0.005 3.73(1.50~9.25)
    高脂饮食
    1.00
    1.70 0.48 3.50 <0.001 5.45(2.11~14.11)
    辛辣食品
    1.00
    1.08 0.50 2.14 0.032 2.95(1.10~7.92)
    抗病毒治疗
    1.00
    1.01 0.47 2.17 0.030 2.75(1.10~6.87)
    抗病毒药
    服用时长
    ≤5年 1.00
    >5年 1.81 0.60 3.02 0.003 6.10(1.89~19.69)
    BMI
    <24 kg/m2 1.00
    ≥24 kg/m2 1.83 0.47 3.93 <0.001 6.23(2.50~5.51)
    UA
    ≤357 μmol/L 1.00
    >357 μmol/L 1.06 0.51 2.10 0.036 2.89(1.07~7.81)
    TG
    ≤1.70 mmol/L 1.00
    >1.70 mmol/L 1.08 0.52 2.05 0.040 2.94(1.05~8.23)

    注:BMI,体重指数;UA,尿酸;TG,甘油三酯;OR,比值比;95%CI,95%置信区间。

    下载: 导出CSV

    表  8  CHB合并MAFLD的多因素二元Logistic回归分析

    Table  8.   Multivariate binary Logistic regression analysis of CHB combined with MAFLD

    变量 β SE Z P OR(95%CI
    抗病毒药服用
    时长
    ≤5年 1.00
    >5年 2.24 0.72 3.10 0.002 9.38(2.28~38.60)
    BMI
    <24 kg/m2 1.00
    ≥24 kg/m2 1.72 0.59 2.91 0.004 5.60(1.75~17.88)
    TG
    ≤1.70 mmol/L 1.00
    >1.70mmol/L 1.41 0.64 2.20 0.028 4.08(1.17~14.31)

    注:BMI,体重指数;TG,甘油三酯;OR,比值比;95%CI,95%置信区间。

    下载: 导出CSV
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