慢性乙型肝炎合并代谢相关脂肪性肝病患者特征及危险因素分析
DOI: 10.12449/JCH251212
Features and risk factors in chronic hepatitis B patients comorbid with metabolic associated fatty liver disease
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摘要:
目的 探讨慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)合并代谢相关脂肪性肝病(MAFLD)患者的共病特征,并分析其危险因素,为临床防治提供依据。 方法 选取2023年1月—2024年12月于河南中医药大学第一附属医院确诊为CHB的患者92例,分为CHB合并MAFLD组(n=52)和单纯CHB组(n=40),收集两组患者的一般资料、临床病史信息、血清生化指标、病毒学检测指标和瞬时弹性纤维成像结果。计量资料两组间比较采用成组t检验或Mann-Whitney U检验;计数资料两组间比较采用χ2检验或Fisher确切概率法;采用二元Logistic回归分析法分析CHB合并MAFLD的危险因素。 结果 两组患者在性别、体重指数(BMI)、抗病毒治疗、抗病毒药物服用时长、高脂饮食和辛辣食品的偏好、ALT、尿酸(UA)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、控制衰减指数方面的差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。单因素回归分析显示,男性、喜好高脂饮食、喜食辛辣食品、抗病毒治疗、抗病毒药服用时长˃5年、BMI≥24 kg/m2、UA>357 μmol/L、TG>1.70 mmol/L与合并MAFLD相关联(P值均<0.05);多因素回归分析显示,抗病毒服药史˃5年(OR=9.38,95%CI:2.28~38.60,P=0.002)、BMI≥24 kg/m2(OR=5.60,95%CI:1.75~17.88,P=0.004)、TG>1.70 mmol/L(OR=4.08,95%CI:1.17~14.31,P=0.028)是CHB患者合并MAFLD的独立危险因素。 结论 CHB合并MAFLD是代谢紊乱与长期抗病毒治疗共同作用的结果,临床应针对长期抗病毒治疗、超重/肥胖及高TG血症的CHB患者加强管理,实施针对性的筛查与干预策略。 Abstract:Objective To investigate the comorbidity features of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients comorbid with metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), to analyze its risk factors, and to provide a basis for clinical prevention and treatment. Methods A total of 92 patients who were diagnosed with CHB in The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine from January 2023 to December 2024 were enrolled and divided into CHB+MAFLD group with 52 patients and CHB group with 40 patients. Related data were collected from all patients, including general information, medical history, serum biochemical parameters, virological testing indicators, and FibroScan results. The independent-samples t test or the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of continuous data between two groups; the chi-square test or the Fisher’s exact test was used for comparison of categorical data between two groups; the binary Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the risk factors for CHB comorbid with MAFLD. Results There were significant differences between the two groups in sex, body mass index (BMI), antiviral therapy, duration of antiviral medication, the preference for high-fat diet or spicy foods, and the levels of alanine aminotransferase, uric acid (UA), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and controlled attenuation parameter (all P<0.05). The univariate regression analysis showed that male sex, preference for high-fat diet and spicy foods, antiviral therapy, antiviral medication for >5 years, BMI ≥24 kg/m2, UA >357 μmol/L, and TG >1.70 mmol/L were associated with comorbidity with MAFLD (all P <0.05); the multivariate regression analysis showed that antiviral medication >5 years (odds ratio [OR]=9.38, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.28 — 38.60, P=0.002), BMI ≥24 kg/m2 (OR=5.60, 95%CI: 1.75 — 17.88, P=0.004), and TG >1.70 mmol/L (OR=4.08, 95%CI: 1.17 — 14.31, P=0.028) were independent risk factors for CHB patients comorbid with MAFLD. Conclusion CHB comorbid with MAFLD is the result of metabolic disorders and long-term antiviral therapy. Clinical management should be enhanced for CHB patients with long-term antiviral therapy, overweight/obesity, and hypertriglyceridemia, and targeted screening and intervention strategies should be implemented. -
表 1 两组患者一般资料比较
Table 1. Comparison of general data between the two groups of patients
指标 CHB合并MAFLD组(n=52) 单纯CHB组(n=40) 统计值 P值 年龄(岁) 40.50(36.75~45.50) 41.00(35.00~51.00) Z=-0.58 0.562 性别[例(%)] χ2=8.42 0.004 男 41(78.85) 20(50.00) 女 11(21.15) 20(50.00) BMI(kg/m2) 26.16±2.76 22.63±3.25 t=-5.62 <0.001 体脂率(%) 26.98±5.69 26.04±5.58 t=-0.79 0.430 职业[例(%)] χ2=0.66 0.416 体力劳动 6(11.54) 7(17.50) 非体力劳动 46(88.46) 33(82.50) 教育程度[例(%)] χ2=0.60 0.437 高学历 21(40.38) 13(32.50) 低学历 31(59.62) 27(67.50) 注:高学历指大专及以上学历;低学历指大专以下学历。CHB,慢性乙型肝炎;MAFLD,代谢相关脂肪性肝病;BMI,体重指数。
表 2 两组患者临床病史资料比较
Table 2. Comparison of clinical history information between the two groups of patients
指标 CHB合并MAFLD组(n=52) 单纯CHB组(n=40) 统计值 P值 乙型肝炎病程(年) 20.00(7.50~23.00) 10.00(2.00~20.00) Z=-1.74 0.083 乙型肝炎家族史[例(%)] χ2=1.16 0.281 有 24(46.15) 14(35.00) 无 28(53.85) 26(65.00) MAFLD家族史[例(%)] χ2=0.01 0.927 有 10(19.23) 8(20.00) 无 42(80.77) 32(80.00) 高血压病史[例(%)] χ2=0.00 >0.05 有 6(11.54) 4(10.00) 无 46(88.46) 36(90.00) 糖尿病史[例(%)] χ2=0.17 0.678 有 4(7.69) 5(12.50) 无 48(92.31) 35(87.50) 抗病毒治疗[例(%)] χ2=4.87 0.027 否 11(21.15) 17(42.50) 是 41(78.85) 23(57.50) 抗病毒药服用时长(年) 4.00(1.00~9.00) 1.50(1.00~5.00) Z=-2.15 0.032 注:CHB,慢性乙型肝炎;MAFLD,代谢相关脂肪性肝病。
表 3 两组患者生活史比较
Table 3. Comparison of life history between the two groups of patients
指标 CHB合并MAFLD组(n=52) 单纯CHB组(n=40) 统计值 P值 高脂饮食[例(%)] χ2=13.25 <0.001 喜欢 30(57.69) 8(20.00) 不喜欢 22(42.31) 32(80.00) 高糖饮食[例(%)] χ2=2.19 0.139 喜欢 9(17.31) 2(5.00) 不喜欢 43(82.69) 38(95.00) 辛辣食品[例(%)] χ2=4.79 0.029 喜欢 20(38.46) 7(17.50) 不喜欢 32(61.54) 33(82.50) 生冷食物[例(%)] χ2=1.00 0.319 喜欢 9(17.31) 4(10.00) 不喜欢 43(82.69) 36(90.00) 腌制食品[例(%)] χ2=0.39 0.532 喜欢 4(7.69) 1(2.50) 不喜欢 48(92.31) 39(97.50) 吸烟史[例(%)] χ2=1.58 0.208 戒烟满1年 25(48.08) 14(35.00) 从不吸烟 27(51.92) 26(65.00) 饮酒史[例(%)] χ2=1.14 0.286 少量饮酒未戒酒 14(26.92) 7(17.50) 无/少量饮酒已戒酒 38(73.08) 33(82.50) 注:偏好高脂饮食:每周≥3次油炸食品/肥肉摄入;偏好高糖饮食:每周≥4次含糖饮量(≥250 mL/次),或甜品(糖添加量≥25 g/份)摄入;偏好辛辣食品:每周≥4次辛辣食品(如辣椒、花椒制品、火锅)摄入;偏好生冷食物:每周≥3次冷藏/生食(如冷饮、刺身)摄入;偏好腌制食品:每周≥3次盐渍食品(如咸菜、腊肉)摄入。CHB,慢性乙型肝炎;MAFLD,代谢相关脂肪性肝病。
表 4 两组患者实验室检测指标比较
Table 4. Comparison of laboratory test indexes between two groups of patients
指标 CHB合并MAFLD组(n=52) 单纯CHB组(n=40) 统计值 P值 ALT(U/L) 28.40(25.47~42.08) 20.50(15.20~27.30) Z=-3.68 <0.001 AST(U/L) 26.45(20.55~32.27) 22.90(19.85~32.60) Z=-0.68 0.495 UA(μmol/L) 353.70(325.10~408.00) 295.90(234.77~337.20) Z=-3.30 <0.001 CHOL(mmol/L) 4.47(3.79~5.11) 4.65(3.99~5.37) Z=-1.01 0.312 TG(mmol/L) 1.63(1.10~1.98) 0.96(0.72~1.50) Z=-2.77 0.006 HDL-L(mmol/L) 1.09±0.19 1.33±0.27 t=4.40 <0.001 LDL-L(mmol/L) 3.05±0.62 3.06±0.68 t=0.06 0.948 GLU(mmol/L) 5.64(5.29~6.00) 5.34(5.01~5.95) Z=-1.26 0.207 HBV DNA[例(%)] χ2=2.42 0.120 阳性 11(21.15) 15(37.50) 阴性 41(78.85) 25(62.50) 病毒载量[例(%)] χ2=0.06 0.804 低载量 51(98.08) 38(95.00) 高载量 1(1.92) 2(5.00) HBeAg状态[例(%)] χ2=0.00 0.986 阴性 36(69.23) 27(67.50) 阳性 16(30.77) 13(32.50) 注:CHB,慢性乙型肝炎;MAFLD,代谢相关脂肪性肝病;UA,尿酸;CHOL,总胆固醇;TG,甘油三酯;HDL-L,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇;LDL-L,低密度脂蛋白胆固醇;GLU,随机血糖。
表 5 两组患者FibroScan参数比较
Table 5. Comparison of FibroScan parameters between the two groups of patients
指标 CHB合并MAFLD组(n=52) 单纯CHB组(n=40) 统计值 P值 CAP(dB/m) 292.19±34.97 201.88±23.59 t=-14.76 <0.001 LSM(kPa) 5.30(4.50~6.70) 5.50(5.07~6.78) Z=-1.04 0.300 注:CHB,慢性乙型肝炎;MAFLD,代谢相关脂肪性肝病;CAP,控制衰减指数;LSM,肝硬度测定值。
表 6 抗病毒治疗不同时长的阈值分析
Table 6. Threshold analysis of different durations of antiviral therapy
变量 β值 SE Z值 P值 OR(95%CI) 抗病毒时长>1年 否 1.00 是 0.81 0.44 1.86 0.063 2.25(0.96~5.29) 抗病毒时长>2年 否 1.00 是 0.88 0.43 2.03 0.042 2.40(1.03~5.58) 抗病毒时长>3年 否 1.00 是 0.89 0.44 2.02 0.043 2.42(1.03~5.71) 抗病毒时长>4年 否 1.00 是 0.89 0.45 1.98 0.047 2.44(1.01~5.90) 抗病毒时长>5年 否 1.00 是 1.81 0.60 3.02 0.003 6.10(1.89~19.69) 抗病毒时长>6年 否 1.00 是 1.56 0.60 2.59 0.010 4.76(1.46~15.51) 抗病毒时长>7年 否 1.00 是 1.48 0.60 2.44 0.015 4.37(1.34~14.29) 抗病毒时长>8年 否 1.00 是 1.20 0.61 1.96 0.050 3.32(1.00~11.02) 抗病毒时长>9年 否 1.00 是 0.99 0.62 1.60 0.110 2.70(0.80 ~ 9.13) 抗病毒时长>10年 否 1.00 是 -0.99 1.24 -0.79 0.427 0.37(0.03~4.26) 抗病毒时长>15年 否 1.00 是 -0.27 1.43 -0.19 0.851 0.76(0.05~12.61) 注:OR,比值比;95%CI,95%置信区间。
表 7 CHB合并MAFLD的单因素Logistic回归分析
Table 7. Univariate Logistic regression analysis of CHB combined with MAFLD
变量 β值 SE Z值 P值 OR(95%CI) 性别 女 1.00 男 1.32 0.46 2.84 0.005 3.73(1.50~9.25) 高脂饮食 否 1.00 是 1.70 0.48 3.50 <0.001 5.45(2.11~14.11) 辛辣食品 否 1.00 是 1.08 0.50 2.14 0.032 2.95(1.10~7.92) 抗病毒治疗 否 1.00 是 1.01 0.47 2.17 0.030 2.75(1.10~6.87) 抗病毒药
服用时长≤5年 1.00 >5年 1.81 0.60 3.02 0.003 6.10(1.89~19.69) BMI <24 kg/m2 1.00 ≥24 kg/m2 1.83 0.47 3.93 <0.001 6.23(2.50~5.51) UA ≤357 μmol/L 1.00 >357 μmol/L 1.06 0.51 2.10 0.036 2.89(1.07~7.81) TG ≤1.70 mmol/L 1.00 >1.70 mmol/L 1.08 0.52 2.05 0.040 2.94(1.05~8.23) 注:BMI,体重指数;UA,尿酸;TG,甘油三酯;OR,比值比;95%CI,95%置信区间。
表 8 CHB合并MAFLD的多因素二元Logistic回归分析
Table 8. Multivariate binary Logistic regression analysis of CHB combined with MAFLD
变量 β值 SE Z值 P值 OR(95%CI) 抗病毒药服用
时长≤5年 1.00 >5年 2.24 0.72 3.10 0.002 9.38(2.28~38.60) BMI <24 kg/m2 1.00 ≥24 kg/m2 1.72 0.59 2.91 0.004 5.60(1.75~17.88) TG ≤1.70 mmol/L 1.00 >1.70mmol/L 1.41 0.64 2.20 0.028 4.08(1.17~14.31) 注:BMI,体重指数;TG,甘油三酯;OR,比值比;95%CI,95%置信区间。
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