慢性乙型肝炎患者长期抗病毒治疗的心理状态变化及其影响因素分析
DOI: 10.12449/JCH251210
Change in psychological state and its influencing factors in chronic hepatitis B patients during long-term antiviral treatment
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摘要:
目的 旨在通过动态观察长期接受核苷(酸)类药物(NA)抗病毒治疗的慢性乙型肝炎患者的抑郁、焦虑及疲劳等心理状态变化,并分析其影响因素,为未来制订个体化心理干预方案提供循证依据。 方法 纳入2020年1月—2022年12月于南方医科大学南方医院感染科门诊随访的118例CHB患者,所有患者均接受NA治疗。采用自评抑郁量表(SDS)、焦虑量表(SAS)及多维疲劳量表(MFI-20)分别于抗病毒治疗前及治疗104周后评估患者的心理状态。计量资料两组间比较采用成组t检验,计数资料两组间比较采用χ²检验。通过Logistic回归模型探讨疲劳、焦虑、抑郁缓解的独立影响因素。 结果 与治疗前相比,治疗104周后,患者的总疲劳评分[(54.05±13.34)分vs(46.79±13.33)分]、焦虑评分[(48.16±9.18)分vs(34.08±7.36)分]及抑郁评分[(60.27±9.94)分vs(43.69±9.64)分]均出现明显下降(P值均<0.05)。多因素分析结果显示,合并肝硬化(OR=0.410,95%CI:0.169~0.995,P=0.049)及有肝癌家族史(OR=0.146,95%CI:0.041~0.525,P=0.003)是患者疲劳缓解的独立危险因素;女性(OR=0.094,95%CI:0.010~0.864,P=0.037)、较低学历(OR=0.155,95%CI:0.028~0.860,P=0.033)及肝癌家族史(OR=0.015,95%CI:0.002~0.109,P<0.001)是焦虑缓解的独立危险因素;女性(OR=0.050,95%CI:0.006~0.391,P=0.004)及肝癌家族史(OR=0.091,95%CI:0.019~0.444,P=0.003)是抑郁缓解的独立危险因素。 结论 CHB患者在长期抗病毒治疗过程中,焦虑、抑郁及疲劳程度总体呈下降趋势,提示抗病毒治疗对心理状态有一定改善作用。然而,女性及有肝癌家族史的患者心理负担更重,应予以重点关注并提供个体化心理干预支持。 Abstract:Objective To investigate the change in psychological state, especially depression, anxiety, and fatigue, among chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients undergoing long-term nucleos(t)ide analogue (NA) antiviral therapy, as well as related influencing factors, and to provide evidence-based data for developing individualized long-term psychological intervention regimens. Methods A total of 118 CHB patients who were followed up at the outpatient service of Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, from January 2020 to December 2022 were enrolled, and all patients received NA treatment. Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), and Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory-20 (MFI-20) were used to assess the psychological state of patients before treatment and after 104 weeks of antiviral therapy. The independent-samples t test was used for comparison of continuous data between two groups, and the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between two groups. The logistic regression model was used to identify independent influencing factors for the alleviation of fatigue, anxiety, and depression. Results After 104 weeks of treatment, there were significant reductions in total fatigue score (from 54.05±13.34 to 46.79±13.33), anxiety score (from 48.16±9.18 to 34.08±7.36), and depression score (from 60.27±9.94 to 43.69±9.64) (all P<0.05). The multivariate analysis showed that liver cirrhosis (odds ratio [OR]=0.410, 95%CI:0.169 — 0.995,P=0.049) and a family history of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (OR=0.146, 95%CI:0.041 — 0.525,P=0.003) were independent risk factors for poor fatigue relief; female sex (OR=0.094, 95%CI:0.010 — 0.864,P=0.037), a relatively low education level (OR=0.155, 95%CI:0.028 — 0.860,P=0.033), and a family history of HCC (OR=0.015, 95%CI:0.002 — 0.109,P<0.001) were independent risk factors for poor alleviation of anxiety; female sex (OR=0.050, 95%CI:0.006 — 0.391,P=0.004) and a family history of HCC (OR=0.091, 95%CI:0.019 — 0.444,P=0.003) were independent risk factors for poor alleviation of depression. Conclusion There is a tendency of reduction in the degree of fatigue, anxiety, and depression in CHB patients during long-term antiviral therapy, suggesting that antiviral therapy has a certain effect in improving psychological state. However, female patients and the patients with a family history of liver cancer tend to experience a heavier psychological burden, and such patients should be taken seriously in clinical practice and receive individualized psychological support and intervention. -
Key words:
- Hepatitis B, Chronic /
- Fatigue /
- Depression /
- Anxiety /
- Risk Factors
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表 1 CHB患者抗病毒治疗前后疲劳各维度、焦虑水平及抑郁水平变化
Table 1. Changes in fatigue dimensions, anxiety, and depression levels before and after antiviral therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis B
维度 治疗前 治疗104周后 t值 P值 总体疲劳(分) 12.16±3.48 10.29±3.35 4.167 <0.001 躯体疲劳(分) 11.89±3.46 10.25±3.79 3.486 0.001 活动减少(分) 11.39±3.15 9.78±3.22 3.838 <0.001 动机减少(分) 8.86±2.65 7.75±2.74 2.906 0.028 心理疲劳(分) 9.74±3.62 8.72±3.47 2.230 0.004 疲劳总分(分) 54.05±13.34 46.79±13.33 4.044 <0.001 焦虑程度(分) 48.16±9.18 34.08±7.36 13.149 <0.001 抑郁程度(分) 60.27±9.94 43.69±9.64 13.872 <0.001 表 2 CHB患者抗病毒治疗后疲劳缓解的相关因素
Table 2. Factors associated with fatigue alleviation after antiviral therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis B
变量 疲劳未缓解组(n=40) 疲劳缓解组(n=78) 统计值 P值 年龄(岁) 48.09±7.85 48.34±8.91 t=-0.149 0.882 性别[例(%)] χ2=0.004 0.952 男 33(82.5) 64(82.1) 女 7(17.5) 14(17.9) 身高(cm) 167.97±5.78 167.76±6.19 t=0.177 0.860 体重(kg) 64.61±8.90 63.95±13.04 t=0.278 0.781 婚姻[例(%)] χ2=0.013 0.993 未婚 7(17.5) 13(16.7) 已婚 31(77.5) 61(78.2) 离异 2(5.0) 4(5.1) 肝硬化[例(%)] χ2=5.028 0.025 无 17(42.5) 50(64.1) 有 23(57.5) 28(35.9) 学历[例(%)] χ2=2.128 0.345 本科及以上 4(10.0) 12(15.4) 初中和高中 23(57.5) 34(43.6) 小学及以下 13(32.5) 32(41.0) 肝癌家族史[例(%)] χ2=13.955 <0.001 无 28(70.0) 74(94.9) 有 12(30.0) 4(5.1) 活动性吸烟[例(%)] χ2=0.007 0.936 无 29(72.5) 56(71.8) 有 11(27.5) 22(28.2) 表 3 CHB患者抗病毒治疗后疲劳缓解的单因素和多因素分析
Table 3. Univariate and multivariate analysis of fatigue alleviation after antiviral therapy in chronic hepatitis B patients
变量 单因素分析 多因素分析 OR 95%CI P值 OR 95%CI P值 年龄 1.003 0.959~1.050 0.881 0.997 0.943~1.055 0.918 性别(男=0,女=1) 1.031 0.379~2.803 0.952 0.792 0.197~3.178 0.742 身高 0.994 0.932~1.060 0.858 0.980 0.890~1.079 0.680 体重 0.995 0.963~1.028 0.780 1.002 0.958~1.048 0.933 婚姻(未婚=0,已婚=1,离异=2) 1.030 0.548~1.936 0.926 0.990 0.441~2.225 0.981 肝硬化(无=0,有=1) 0.414 0.190~0.902 0.026 0.410 0.169~0.995 0.049 学历(本科=0,初中和高中=1,小学及以下=2) 1.071 0.610~1.881 0.811 0.968 0.492~1.904 0.926 肝癌家族史(无=0,有=1) 0.126 0.038~0.424 0.001 0.146 0.041~0.525 0.003 活动性吸烟(无=0,有=1) 1.036 0.442~2.427 0.936 1.210 0.448~3.268 0.707 表 4 CHB患者抗病毒治疗后焦虑缓解的相关因素
Table 4. Factors associated with anxiety alleviation after antiviral therapy in chronic hepatitis B patients
变量 焦虑未缓解组(n=19) 焦虑缓解组(n=99) 统计值 P值 年龄(岁) 45.96±8.81 48.71±8.45 t=-1.288 0.200 性别[例(%)] χ2=5.615 0.018 男 12(63.2) 85(85.9) 女 7(36.8) 14(14.1) 身高(cm) 166.33±5.41 168.11±6.12 t=-1.152 0.252 体重(kg) 63.12±7.93 64.35±12.36 t=-0.397 0.692 婚姻[例(%)] χ2=0.022 0.989 未婚 3(15.8) 17(17.2) 已婚 15(78.9) 77(77.8) 离异 1(5.3) 5(5.1) 肝硬化[例(%)] χ2=0.159 0.690 无 10(52.6) 57(57.6) 有 9(47.4) 42(42.4) 学历[例(%)] χ2=1.205 0.547 本科及以上 3(15.8) 13(13.1) 中学 7(36.8) 50(50.5) 小学及以下 9(47.4) 36(36.4) 肝癌家族史[例(%)] χ2=37.979 <0.001 无 8(42.1) 94(94.9) 有 11(57.9) 5(5.1) 活动性吸烟[例(%)] χ2=2.247 0.134 无 11(57.9) 74(74.7) 有 8(42.1) 25(25.3) 表 5 CHB患者抗病毒治疗后焦虑缓解的单因素和多因素分析
Table 5. Univariate and multivariate analysis of anxiety alleviation after antiviral therapy in chronic hepatitis B patients
变量 单因素分析 多因素分析 OR 95%CI P值 OR 95%CI P值 年龄 1.040 0.980~1.103 0.199 1.085 0.981~1.200 0.111 性别(男=0,女=1) 0.282 0.095~0.840 0.023 0.094 0.010~0.864 0.037 身高 1.050 0.966~1.141 0.251 1.067 0.907~1.254 0.435 体重 1.010 0.962~1.060 0.689 0.984 0.911~1.063 0.675 婚姻(未婚=0,已婚=1,离异=2) 0.953 0.429~2.116 0.905 0.668 0.108~4.136 0.664 肝硬化(无=0,有=1) 0.819 0.306~2.192 0.691 0.329 0.060~1.796 0.199 学历(本科=0,初中和高中=1,小学及以下=2) 0.830 0.396~1.740 0.622 0.155 0.028~0.860 0.033 肝癌家族史(无=0,有=1) 0.039 0.011~0.139 <0.001 0.015 0.002~0.109 <0.001 活动性吸烟(无=0,有=1) 0.465 0.168~1.285 0.140 0.296 0.054~1.616 0.160 表 6 CHB患者抗病毒治疗后抑郁缓解的相关因素
Table 6. Factors associated with depression alleviation after antiviral therapy in chronic hepatitis B patients
变量 抑郁未缓解组(n=15) 抑郁缓解组(n=103) 统计值 P值 年龄(岁) 49.27±9.61 48.11±8.40 t=0.489 0.626 性别[例(%)] χ2=14.834 <0.001 男 7(46.7) 90(87.4) 女 8(53.3) 13(12.6) 身高(cm) 166.57±6.57 168.01±5.97 t=-0.835 0.405 体重(kg) 62.21±8.96 64.44±12.14 t=-0.661 0.510 婚姻[例(%)] χ2=1.173 0.556 未婚 2(13.3) 18(17.5) 已婚 13(86.7) 79(76.7) 离异 0(0.0) 6(5.8) 肝硬化[例(%)] χ2=0.083 0.773 无 8(53.3) 59(57.3) 有 7(46.7) 44(42.7) 学历[例(%)] χ2=2.990 0.224 本科及以上 4(26.7) 12(11.7) 中学 5(33.3) 52(50.5) 小学及以下 6(40.0) 39(37.9) 肝癌家族史[例(%)] χ2=10.250 0.001 无 9(60.0) 93(90.3) 有 6(40.0) 10(9.7) 活动性吸烟[例(%)] χ2=0.246 0.620 无 10(66.7) 75(72.8) 有 5(33.3) 28(27.2) 表 7 CHB患者抗病毒治疗后抑郁缓解的单因素和多因素分析
Table 7. Univariate and multivariate analysis of depression alleviation following antiviral therapy in chronic hepatitis B patients
变量 单因素分析 多因素分析 OR 95%CI P值 OR 95%CI P值 年龄 0.984 0.923~1.049 0.622 0.978 0.898~1.064 0.602 性别(男=0,女=1) 0.126 0.039~0.407 0.001 0.050 0.006~0.391 0.004 身高 1.040 0.949~1.140 0.402 0.950 0.806~1.119 0.538 体重 1.020 0.964~1.079 0.502 0.986 0.903~1.077 0.760 婚姻(未婚=0,已婚=1,离异=2) 1.244 0.478~3.233 0.654 2.644 0.590~11.841 0.204 肝硬化(无=0,有=1) 0.852 0.287~2.527 0.773 0.815 0.199~3.331 0.775 学历(本科=0,初中和高中=1,小学及以下=2) 1.319 0.599~2.907 0.492 1.095 0.353~3.394 0.875 肝癌家族史(无=0,有=1) 0.161 0.048~0.547 0.003 0.091 0.019~0.444 0.003 活动性吸烟(无=0,有=1) 0.747 0.235~2.377 0.621 0.684 0.140~3.337 0.638 -
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