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甲胎蛋白阴性肝细胞癌患者肝切除术后预后的危险因素分析及列线图模型的构建

李慧明 武烨晔 郭永庆 饶春美 刘军 汪玲

引用本文:
Citation:

甲胎蛋白阴性肝细胞癌患者肝切除术后预后的危险因素分析及列线图模型的构建

DOI: 10.12449/JCH250820
基金项目: 

江西省教育厅重点项目 (GJJ210135);

江西省卫生健康委员会 (202310277)

伦理学声明:本研究方案由东方肝胆外科医院伦理委员会审批,批号:EHBHKY2024-K-053。
利益冲突声明:本文不存在任何利益冲突。
作者贡献声明:武烨晔、饶春美负责数据收集;刘军、郭永庆负责统计学分析和绘制图表;李慧明负责论文修改;汪玲负责论文框架,指导撰写文章并最后定稿。
详细信息
    通信作者:

    汪玲, wangling7832@163.com (ORCID: 0000-0002-1613-6805)

Risk factors for postoperative prognosis of patients with AFP-negative hepatocellular carcinoma and establishment of a nomogram model

Research funding: 

Key Projects of Jiangxi Provincial Department of Education (GJJ210135);

Health Committee of Jiangxi Province (202310277)

More Information
  • 摘要:   目的  本研究基于多模态临床数据构建AFP阴性肝细胞癌(ANHC)患者术后复发及生存风险的动态列线图模型,通过机器学习整合肿瘤生物学特征与治疗响应参数,揭示ANHC特异性预后标志物组合,为突破传统血清学标志物局限提供个性化风险评估工具。  方法  回顾性纳入2012年4月28日—2018年12月31日于东方肝胆外科医院接受肝切除术的421例ANHC患者,随机分为训练组(210例)和验证组(211例)。通过单因素及多因素Cox比例风险回归筛选独立预后因素,构建列线图模型,并采用受试者操作特征曲线(ROC曲线)、校准曲线和决策曲线分析(DCA)验证性能。检测指标包括前白蛋白(PA)、白细胞(WBC)、肿瘤大小、微血管侵犯等。计数资料两组间比较使用χ2检验或Fisher精确检验,计量资料两组间比较使用成组t检验或Mann-Whitney U检验。  结果  通过多因素分析确定的无病生存期(DFS)的独立危险因素包括多发肿瘤(HR=3.30,P<0.001)、WBC(HR=1.05,P=0.005)、血糖(HR=1.15,P=0.026)、糖类抗原19-9(CA19-9)(HR=1.01,P=0.005)和肿瘤大小(HR=1.17,P<0.001),PA为保护因素(HR=0.99,P=0.022)。总生存期(OS)的独立危险因素包括肿瘤包膜不完整(HR=0.60,P=0.009)、年龄(HR=1.02,P=0.035)、凝血酶原时间(PT)(HR=1.27,P=0.023)、CA19-9(HR=1.01,P<0.001)和肿瘤大小(HR=1.15,P<0.001)。DFS列线图在训练组和验证组ROC曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.74(95%CI:0.64~0.84)和0.67(95%CI:0.57~0.77),OS列线图的AUC分别为0.76(95%CI:0.64~0.88)和0.73(95%CI:0.60~0.87)。校准曲线和DCA表明模型具有良好的预测性能和临床实用性。  结论  肿瘤数目、PA、WBC、肿瘤大小等术前指标可有效预测ANHC患者术后复发,而肿瘤包膜完整性、年龄、PT等与OS显著相关。构建的列线图模型验证性能良好,可为个体化预后评估提供依据。

     

  • 图  1  预测接受肝切除术患者复发率的列线图

    Figure  1.  nomogram for prediction of recurrence in patients undergoing hepatectomy

    注: a,训练组的ROC曲线;b,验证组的ROC曲线;c,训练组的校准曲线;d,验证组的校准曲线;e,训练组的DCA;f,验证组的DCA。

    图  2  预测复发率的列线图性能评估

    Figure  2.  nomogram performance assessment for prediction of recurrence

    图  3  预测接受肝切除术患者病死率的列线图

    Figure  3.  Nomogram for Prediction of Mortality in Patients Undergoing Hepatectomy

    注: a,训练组的ROC曲线;b,验证组的ROC曲线;c,训练组的校准曲线;d,验证组的校准曲线;e,训练组的DCA;f,验证组的DCA。

    图  4  预测病死率的列线图性能评估

    Figure  4.  nomogram performance assessment for prediction of mortality

    表  1  训练组和验证组患者基线资料比较

    Table  1.   The comparison of baseline data between the training group and the validation group

    指标 训练组(n=210) 验证组(n=211) 统计值 P
    年龄(岁) 53.57±10.60 53.81±11.94 t=0.21 0.831
    男/女[例(%)] 178(84.76)/32(15.24) 181(85.78)/30(14.22) χ2=0.09 0.768
    糖尿病[例(%)] χ2=0.40 0.528
    是/否 26(12.38)/184(87.62) 22(10.43)/189(89.57)
    抗病毒治疗[例(%)] χ2=2.49 0.115
    是/否 18(8.57)/192(91.43) 10(4.74)/201(95.26)
    吸烟[例(%)] χ2=0.00 0.970
    是/否 78(37.14)/132(62.86) 78(36.97)/133(63.03)
    饮酒[例(%)] χ2=0.52 0.470
    是/否 57(27.14)/153(72.86) 64(30.33)/147(69.67)
    肝癌家族史[例(%)] χ2=0.00 0.999
    是/否 3(1.43)/207(98.57) 4(1.90)/207(98.10)
    肝硬化[例(%)] χ2=1.60 0.206
    是/否 136(64.76)/74(35.24) 124(58.77)/87(41.23)
    WBC (×109/L) 5.26(4.02~6.98) 5.64(4.72~7.01) Z=-2.71 0.007
    RBC(×1012/L) 4.51(4.13~4.80) 4.56(4.30~4.86) Z=-1.93 0.054
    PLT(×109/L) 154.50(105.75~203.50) 155.00(119.00~194.00) Z=-0.43 0.671
    PDW[例(%)] χ2=1.50 0.220
    ≥17/<17 95(45.24)/115(54.76) 83(39.34)/128(60.66)
    TBil(μmol/L) 12.70(9.33~16.70) 12.80(9.65~16.90) Z=-0.29 0.769
    DBil(μmol/L) 4.70(3.32~6.40) 4.80(3.55~6.10) Z=-0.01 0.996
    Alb(g/L) 41.40(38.73~43.98) 42.40(39.80~44.40) Z=-1.81 0.070
    PA(mg/L) 230.00(189.00~271.75) 237.00(194.00~278.50) Z=-1.54 0.124
    ALT(U/L) 34.30(24.10~57.00) 37.00(23.45~58.90) Z=-0.45 0.651
    Cr(μmol/L) 69.00(61.25~77.00) 70.00(60.50~78.50) Z=-0.83 0.407
    GLU(mmol/L) 5.00(4.60~5.68) 5.00(4.50~5.50) Z=-0.54 0.588
    PT(s) 11.95(11.40~12.60) 11.80(11.30~12.40) Z=-1.53 0.127
    AFP(ng/mL) 3.25(2.20~5.20) 3.40(2.35~5.20) Z=-0.80 0.423
    CEA(μg/L) 2.30(1.52~3.40) 2.20(1.50~3.50) Z=-0.72 0.474
    CA19-9(U/L) 16.85(9.60~30.40) 20.00(11.30~36.05) Z=-1.49 0.137
    HBsAg[例(%)] χ2=0.10 0.751
    阳性/阴性 162(77.14)/48(22.86) 160(75.83)/51(24.17)
    抗-HBs[例(%)] χ2=0.37 0.544
    阳性/阴性 36(17.14)/174(82.86) 41(19.43)/170(80.57)
    HBeAg[例(%)] χ2=0.14 0.712
    阳性/阴性 52(24.76)/158(75.24) 49(23.22)/162(76.78)
    抗-HBe[例(%)] χ2=0.61 0.433
    阳性/阴性 141(67.14)/69(32.86) 134(63.51)/77(36.49)
    抗-HBc[例(%)] χ2=0.67 0.412
    阳性/阴性 186(88.57)/24(11.43) 192(91.00)/19(9.00)
    肿瘤大小(cm) 5.39±3.72 5.14±3.07 t=0.76 0.449
    肿瘤数量[例(%)] χ2=0.19 0.665
    单个/多个 13(6.19)/197(93.81) 11(5.21)/200(94.79)
    肿瘤包膜完整[例(%)] χ2=5.70 0.017
    是/否 156(74.29)/54(25.71) 134(63.51)/77(36.49)
    MVI存在[例(%)] χ2=0.86 0.355
    是/否 101(48.10)/109(51.90) 92(43.60)/119(56.40)
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  训练组DFS的单变量和多变量Cox回归分析

    Table  2.   Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis of DFS in the training group

    指标 HR(95%CI P HR(95%CI P
    年龄 1.00(0.98~1.01) 0.566
    性别(男) 1.20(0.69~2.10) 0.519
    糖尿病(是) 1.31(0.76~2.25) 0.332
    抗病毒治疗(是) 1.89(0.88~4.07) 0.102
    吸烟(是) 0.93(0.64~1.35) 0.694
    饮酒(是) 0.91(0.62~1.36) 0.657
    肝癌家族史(是) 1.74(0.55~5.49) 0.343
    肝硬化(是) 1.18(0.81~1.71) 0.395
    WBC 1.05(1.02~1.08) <0.001 1.05(1.01~1.09) 0.005
    RBC 0.86(0.60~1.22) 0.386
    PLT 1.00(0.98~1.02) 0.709
    PDW(≥17) 1.20(0.83~1.73) 0.330
    TBil 1.01(0.99~1.03) 0.229
    DBil 1.03(0.98~1.08) 0.265
    Alb 1.01(0.98~1.04) 0.407
    PA 0.99(0.98~1.00) <0.001 0.99(0.98~1.00) 0.022
    ALT 1.00(0.98~1.01) 0.414
    Cr 1.00(0.99~1.01) 0.954
    GLU 1.09(0.96~1.23) 0.069 1.15(1.02~1.30) 0.026
    PT 1.11(0.91~1.36) 0.288
    CEA 1.01(0.98~1.02) <0.001
    CA19-9 1.01(1.00~1.02) 0.002 1.01(1.00~1.02) 0.005
    HBsAg(阳性) 0.95(0.62~1.46) 0.807
    抗-HBs(阳性) 0.87(0.54~1.41) 0.568
    HBeAg(阳性) 1.25(0.83~1.88) 0.277
    抗-HBe(阳性) 0.83(0.57~1.20) 0.314
    抗-HBc(阳性) 0.93(0.48~1.77) 0.815
    肿瘤大小 1.17(1.10~1.24) <0.001 1.17(1.10~1.24) <0.001
    肿瘤数目(多个) 3.13(1.67~5.85) <0.001 3.30(1.71~6.39) <0.001
    肿瘤包膜(不完整) 0.76(0.52~1.11) 0.158
    MVI(存在) 1.20(0.83~1.73) 0.326
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  训练组OS的单变量和多变量Cox回归分析

    Table  3.   Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis of OS in the training group

    指标 HR(95%CI P HR(95%CI P
    年龄 1.01(1.00~1.03) 0.090 1.02(1.01~1.04) 0.035
    性别(男) 0.99(0.57~1.70) 0.968
    糖尿病(是) 0.65(0.33~1.29) 0.221
    抗病毒治疗(是) 1.10(0.45~2.71) 0.830
    吸烟(是) 0.89(0.61~1.31) 0.561
    饮酒(是) 0.79(0.52~1.20) 0.270
    肝癌家族史(存在) 0.90(0.22~3.67) 0.888
    肝硬化(是) 0.86(0.59~1.25) 0.427
    WBC 1.01(0.98~1.05) 0.480
    RBC 0.80(0.56~1.14) 0.219
    PLT 1.00(0.99~1.01) 0.319
    PDW(≥17) 0.97(0.66~1.42) 0.859
    TBil 1.01(0.99~1.03) 0.416
    DBil 1.01(0.95~1.07) 0.726
    Alb 0.99(0.97~1.02) 0.687
    PA 0.99(0.98~1.00) <0.001
    ALT 1.00(0.99~1.01) 0.894
    Cr 0.99(0.97~1.00) 0.051
    GLU 1.01(0.88~1.16) 0.870
    PT 1.19(0.97~1.46) 0.094 1.27(1.03~1.55) 0.023
    CEA 1.01(1.00~1.02) <0.001
    CA19-9 1.01(1.00~1.02) <0.001 1.01(1.00~1.02) <0.001
    HBsAg(阳性) 0.65(0.43~0.98) 0.039
    抗-HBs(阳性) 1.24(0.79~1.94) 0.354
    HBeAg(阳性) 0.89(0.56~1.39) 0.596
    抗-HBe(阳性) 0.83(0.57~1.21) 0.334
    抗-HBc(阳性) 0.78(0.43~1.43) 0.427
    肿瘤大小 1.18(1.11~1.25) <0.001 1.15(1.08~1.22) <0.001
    肿瘤数目(多个) 1.29(0.60~2.78) 0.513
    肿瘤包膜(不完整) 0.53(0.37~0.77) <0.001 0.60(0.40~0.88) 0.009
    MVI(存在) 1.11(0.77~1.62) 0.574
    下载: 导出CSV
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  • 收稿日期:  2025-02-10
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  • 出版日期:  2025-08-25
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