酒精相关慢加急性肝衰竭合并感染患者的短期预后分析
DOI: 10.12449/JCH250724
Short-term prognosis of patients with alcohol-related liver diseases-acute-on-chronic liver failure comorbid with infection
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摘要:
目的 探讨酒精相关慢加急性肝衰竭(ALD-ACLF)合并感染患者短期预后影响因素,开发新的预后模型。 方法 选取2019年1月—2021年12月中国人民解放军总医院第五医学中心收治的89例ALD-ACLF合并感染患者为本次研究对象。以患者入组时为基线,收集其临床资料。根据患者28天生存情况分为生存组(n=53)和死亡组(n=36),对比两组患者基线临床资料。计量资料符合正态分布2组间比较采用t检验;不符合正态分布2组间比较采用Wilcoxon秩和检验。计数资料2组间比较采用卡方检验。多因素分析采用非条件Logistic回归分析;采用Z检验对受试者操作特征曲线(ROC曲线)下面积进行比较,评估模型诊断价值。 结果 死亡组患者与生存组相比,Hb(t=-2.397,P=0.019)、ALT(Z=-3.437, P=0.001)、GGT(Z=-2.617, P=0.009)、Cr(Z=-3.938, P<0.001)、BUN(Z=-3.423, P=0.001)、NH3(Z=-4.406, P<0.001)、INR(Z=-3.428, P=0.001)、CRP(Z=-2.128, P=0.033)、PCT(Z=-2.441, P=0.015)、MELD评分(t=-4.817, P<0.001)、AKI发生率(χ2=21.602, P<0.001)、肺部感染发生率(χ2=4.866, P=0.027)、休克发生率(χ2=16.285, P<0.001)更高,Alb水平(Z=-2.473, P=0.013)、腹腔感染发生率(χ2=5.897, P=0.015)更低,差异均有统计学意义。多因素分析显示,NH3(OR=1.027,95%CI:1.006~1.049, P=0.012)、MELD评分(OR=1.103,95%CI:1.011~1.203,P=0.027)、休克发生率(OR=6.326,95%CI:1.533~26.101,P=0.011)是ALD-ACLF合并感染患者28天死亡的独立危险因素。据此构建新的预测模型Y=0.027×NH3+0.098×MELD评分+1.845×休克-4.111。ROC曲线显示,新模型(曲线下面积为0.861,灵敏度为77.78%,特异度为88.68%)诊断价值高于MELD评分(曲线下面积为0.776,灵敏度为77.78%,特异度为67.92%),差异有统计学意义(Z=2.136,P=0.032 6)。 结论 ALD-ACLF合并感染患者短期预后不佳,MELD评分、NH3和发生休克是此类患者短期预后的影响因素,三者联合对短期预后的预测价值较高。 Abstract:Objective To investigate the influencing factors for the short-term prognosis of patients with alcohol-related liver diseases-acute-on-chronic liver failure (ALD-ACLF) comorbid with infection. Methods A total of 89 ALD-ACLF patients with infection who were admitted to the Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital from January 2019 to December 2021 were enrolled as subjects, and related clinical data were collected at baseline (time of patient enrollment). According to the 28-day survival status of patients, they were divided into survival group with 53 patients and death group with 36 patients, and baseline clinical data were compared between the two groups. The t-test was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between groups, and the Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data between groups; the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups. A non-conditional Logistic regression analysis was used to perform the multivariate analysis. The Z-test was used for comparison of the area under the ROC curve (AUC), and the diagnostic value of the model was assessed. Results Compared with the survival group, the death group had significantly higher hemoglobin (t=-2.397, P=0.019), alanine aminotransferase (Z=-3.437, P=0.001), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (Z=-2.617, P=0.009), creatinine (Z=-3.938, P<0.001), blood urea nitrogen (Z=-3.423, P=0.001), NH3 (Z=-4.406, P<0.001), international normalized ratio (Z=-3.428, P=0.001), C-reactive protein (Z=-2.128, P=0.033), procalcitonin (Z=-2.441, P=0.015), Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score (t=-4.817, P<0.001), incidence rate of acute kidney injury (χ2=21.602, P<0.001), incidence rate of pulmonary infection (χ2=4.866, P=0.027), and incidence rate of shock (χ2=16.285, P<0.001), as well as significantly lower albumin (Z=-2.473, P=0.013) and incidence rate of abdominal infection (χ2=5.897, P=0.015). The multivariate analysis showed that NH3 (odds ratio [OR]=1.027, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.006 — 1.049, P=0.012), MELD score (OR=1.103, 95%CI: 1.011 — 1.203, P=0.027], and the incidence rate of shock (OR=6.326, 95%CI: 1.533 — 26.101, P=0.011) were independent risk factors for 28-day mortality in ALD-ACLF patients comorbid with infection. Based on these factors, a predictive model was established as Y=0.027×NH3+0.098×MELD score+1.845×shock-4.111. The ROC curve analysis showed that the new model had an AUC of 0.861, a sensitivity of 77.78%, and a specificity of 88.68%, while MELD score had an AUC of 0.776, a sensitivity of 77.78%, and a specificity of 67.92%, suggesting that the new model had a significantly higher diagnostic value than MELD score (Z=2.136, P=0.032 6). Conclusion ALD-ACLF patients with infection tend to have a poor short-term prognosis, and MELD score, NH3, and shock are influencing factors for the short-term prognosis of such patients. The combination of these three factors has a high value in predicting short-term prognosis. -
Key words:
- Acute-On-Chronic Liver Failure /
- Infections /
- Alcohol Drinking /
- Prognosis
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表 1 ALD-ACLF合并感染患者基线特征
Table 1. Baseline characteristics of patients with ALD-ACLF complicated by infection
变量 死亡组(n=36) 生存组(n=53) 统计值 P值 男/女(例) 35/1 52/1 >0.05 年龄(岁) 51.44±7.21 49.98±8.58 t=-0.841 0.403 体温(℃) 36.60(36.50~37.00) 36.80(36.50~37.45) Z=-1.924 0.054 脉搏(次/min) 95.47±20.02 92.45±13.58 t=-0.849 0.398 呼吸(次/min) 18.50(18.00~20.00) 19.00(18.00~20.00) Z=-0.127 0.899 平均动脉压 84.63±12.79 88.21±7.10 t=1.529 0.133 实验室指标 WBC(×109/L) 8.98(5.33~21.09) 8.57(5.48~13.67) Z=-1.229 0.219 Hb(g/L) 103.61±24.93 89.94±27.34 t=-2.397 0.019 PLT(×109/L) 53.50(36.00~95.75) 69.00(38.00~93.50) Z=-0.431 0.667 Alb(g/L) 23.00(19.00~25.75) 25.00(22.00~28.00) Z=-2.473 0.013 TBil(µmol/L) 313.40(190.10~408.55) 236.00(163.50~353.30) Z=-1.375 0.169 ALT(U/L) 55.00(34.25~132.25) 29.00(25.00~49.50) Z=-3.437 0.001 ALP(U/L) 131.50(105.75~179.25) 133.00(104.50~170.00) Z=-0.263 0.792 GGT(U/L) 96.50(61.75~141.50) 49.00(30.00~104.00) Z=-2.617 0.009 Cr(µmol/L) 147.50(110.28~287.75) 91.00(76.00~130.50) Z=-3.938 <0.001 BUN(mmol/L) 14.70(8.15~21.20) 6.70(3.85~11.25) Z=-3.423 0.001 GLU(mmol/L) 5.75(3.70~9.28) 5.20(4.15~6.80) Z=-0.422 0.673 NH3(g/moL) 78.75(50.90~106.50) 40.90(32.50~63.30) Z=-4.406 <0.001 Na(mmol/L) 131.00(127.25~136.00) 132.00(128.50~134.50) Z=-0.251 0.802 INR(%) 2.19(1.95~2.67) 1.89(1.68~2.14) Z=-3.428 0.001 CRP(mg/L) 33.48(17.73~76.26) 18.00(7.35~56.10) Z=-2.128 0.033 PCT(ng/mL) 1.00(0.46~4.47) 0.46(0.23~0.99) Z=-2.441 0.015 MELD评分(分) 26.66±8.50 18.99±6.51 t=-4.817 <0.001 并发症[例(%)] 腹水 35(97.22) 53(100.00) 0.404 胸腔积液 19(52.78) 24(45.28) χ2=0.482 0.487 HE 20(55.56) 18(33.96) χ2=4.086 0.053 AKI 32(88.89) 21(39.62) χ2=21.602 <0.001 消化道出血 9(25.00) 7(13.21) χ2=2.022 0.155 感染部位[例(%)] 腹腔 19(52.78) 41(77.36) χ2=5.897 0.015 肺部 20(55.56) 17(32.08) χ2=4.866 0.027 血液 6(16.67) 10(18.87) χ2=0.070 0.791 泌尿 0(0.00) 2(3.77) 0.513 胸腔 2(5.56) 1(1.89) χ2=0.118 0.732 休克[例(%)] 18(50.00) 6(11.32) χ2=16.285 <0.001 注:WBC,白细胞;GLU,葡萄糖。
表 2 ALD-ACLF合并感染患者死亡风险因素分析
Table 2. Multivariate analysis of risk factors for mortality in patients with ALD-ACLF complicated with infection
变量 β值 SE Waldχ2 OR 95%CI P值 Hb 0.007 0.014 0.256 1.007 0.980~1.035 0.613 Alb -0.056 0.065 0.747 0.945 0.832~1.074 0.387 ALT 0.002 0.003 0.704 1.002 0.997~1.008 0.402 GGT -0.001 0.004 0.067 0.999 0.990~1.007 0.796 NH3 0.027 0.011 6.31 1.027 1.006~1.049 0.012 CRP 0.019 0.012 2.689 1.019 0.996~1.043 0.101 PCT -0.145 0.075 3.72 0.865 0.747~1.002 0.054 MELD评分 0.098 0.044 4.913 1.103 1.011~1.203 0.027 休克
(是 vs 否)1.845 0.723 6.508 6.326 1.533~26.101 0.011 SBP
(是 vs 否)-0.773 0.744 1.081 0.462 0.107~1.982 0.298 肺部感染
(是 vs 否)0.009 0.742 0.000 1.009 0.236~4.317 0.990 常量 -4.111 2.434 2.852 0.091 -
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