中国内脏脂肪指数联合高敏C反应蛋白与消化系统恶性肿瘤发病风险的关联性分析
DOI: 10.12449/JCH250723
Association of Chinese visceral adiposity index and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein with the risk of digestive malignancies
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摘要:
目的 探究开滦研究人群中中国内脏脂肪指数(CVAI)联合高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)与消化系统恶性肿瘤发病风险的关联,为消化系统恶性肿瘤防控提供依据。 方法 采用前瞻性队列研究方法,选取参加2006年度健康体检、既往无癌症病史、CVAI和CRP及相关协变量资料完整的开滦职工94 377例为观察队列。根据CVAI和CRP水平分为4组:低水平CVAI和CRP≤3 mg/L[CVAI(-)CRP(-)]、低水平CVAI和CRP>3 mg/L[CVAI(-)CRP(+)]、高水平CVAI和CRP≤3 mg/L[CVAI(+)CRP(-)]、高水平CVAI和CRP>3 mg/L[CVAI(+)CRP(+)]。正态分布的计量资料组间比较采用方差分析;偏态分布的计量资料组间比较采用Kruskal-Wallis H检验。计数资料组间比较采用χ2检验。通过Cox比例风险回归模型分别评估CVAI、CRP以及两者联合对消化系统恶性肿瘤发病风险的影响。 结果 4组受试者年龄、男女比例、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、收缩压、舒张压、空腹血糖、hs-CRP、腰围、体质量指数、婚姻状况、饮酒、吸烟、报告收入、体育锻炼组间比较,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。到2021年12月31日随访时间结束,在平均(14.08±2.76)年的随访过程中,共有新发消化系统恶性肿瘤2 043例。Cox比例风险回归模型显示,在调整CRP水平等其他因素后,以CVAI低水平组为对照,高水平组的消化系统恶性肿瘤发病风险增加,HR(95%CI)为1.34(1.23~1.47)。在调整CVAI水平等其他因素后,以CRP≤3 mg/L为对照,CRP>3 mg/L发生消化系统恶性肿瘤的风险增加,HR(95%CI)为1.14(1.02~1.28)。以CVAI(-)CRP(-) (n=40 978)为对照组,CVAI(-)CRP(+) (n=6 210)、CVAI(+)CRP(-) (n=36 502)、CVAI(+)CRP(+) (n=10 687)发生消化系统恶性肿瘤的HR(95%CI)分别为1.05(1.01~1.09)、1.32(1.20~1.45)、1.48(1.28~1.70)(P值均<0.05)。在特定部位的消化系统恶性肿瘤中,发现CVAI(+)CRP(+)增加肝癌、胃癌、胰腺癌、结直肠癌和小肠癌的发病风险,其对应的HR(95%CI)分别为1.35(1.05~1.81)、1.48(1.09~2.00)、1.60(1.07~2.41)、1.76(1.40~2.21)和3.85(1.43~10.33)(P值均<0.05)。 结论 高水平CVAI、高水平CRP,以及高水平CVAI合并高水平CRP都会增加罹患消化系统恶性肿瘤风险,其中高水平CVAI合并高水平CRP风险更高。 Abstract:Objective To investigate the association of Chinese visceral adiposity index (CVAI) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) with the risk of digestive malignancies in the Kailuan study population, and to provide a basis for the prevention and control of digestive malignancies in the population. Methods A prospective cohort study was conducted, and a total of 94 377 Kailuan workers who participated in the 2006 health examination, had no history of cancer, and had complete data on CVAI, CRP, and related covariates were selected as the observation cohort. According to the levels of CVAI and CRP, the subjects were divided into low CVAI+CRP≤3 mg/L group [CVAI(-)CRP(-) group], low CVAI+CRP>3 mg/L group [CVAI(-)CRP(+) group], high CVAI+CRP≤3 mg/L group [CVAI(+)CRP(-) group], and high CVAI+CRP>3 mg/L group [CVAI(+)CRP(+) group]. An analysis of variance was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between groups, and the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis H test was used for comparison of continuous data with skewed distribution between groups; the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups. The Cox proportional-hazards regression model was used to assess the impact of CVAI and CRP alone or in combination on the risk of digestive malignancies. Results There were significant differences between the four groups in age, male/female ratio, total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, waist circumference, body mass index, marital status, alcohol consumption, smoking, reported income, and physical exercise (all P<0.05). During a mean follow-up time of 14.08±2.76 years, 2 043 new-onset cases of digestive malignancies were identified by the end of follow-up on December 31, 2021. The Cox proportional-hazards regression model showed that after adjustment for CRP and other factors, compared with the low CVAI group, the high CVAI group had a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.34 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.23 — 1.47) for the risk of digestive malignancies. After adjustment for CVAI and other factors, compared with the CRP≤3 mg/L group, the CRP>3 mg/L group had an HR of 1.14 (95%CI: 1.02 — 1.28) for the risk of digestive malignancies. Compared with the CVAI(-)CRP(-) group (n=40 978), the CVAI(-)CRP(+) group (n=6 210), the CVAI(+)CRP(-) group (n=36 502), and the CVAI(+)CRP(+) group (n=10 687) had an HR of 1.05 (95%CI: 1.01 — 1.09,P<0.05), 1.32 (95%CI: 1.20 — 1.45, P<0.05), and 1.48 (95%CI: 1.28 — 1.70, P<0.05), respectively, for the risk of digestive malignancies. As for digestive malignancies at specific locations, the CVAI(+)CRP(+) group had an increased risk of liver cancer, gastric cancer, pancreatic cancer, colorectal cancer, and small intestinal cancer with an HR of 1.35 (95%CI: 1.05 — 1.81, P<0.05), 1.48 (95%CI: 1.09 — 2.00, P<0.05), 1.60 (95%CI: 1.07 — 2.41, P<0.05), 1.76 (1.40 — 2.21, P<0.05), and 3.85(95%CI:1.43 — 10.33, P<0.05), respectively. Conclusion A high level of CVAI, a high level of CRP, and high levels of CVAI and CRP in combination can all increase the risk of digestive malignancies, among which the high levels of CVAI and CRP in combination may lead to a higher risk. -
表 1 4组参与者临床特征比较
Table 1. Comparison of clinical characteristics among the four groups of participants
项目 CVAI(-)CRP(-)
(n=40 978)CVAI(-)CRP(+)
(n=6 210)CVAI(+)CRP(-)
(n=36 502)CVAI(+)CRP(+)
(n=10 687)统计值 P值 年龄(岁) 47.12±11.98 50.01±12.99 54.75±11.30 57.81±11.58 F=3 883.38 <0.001 男[例(%)] 31 058(75.8) 4 643(74.8) 31 172(85.4) 8 562(80.1) χ2=1 221.17 <0.001 女[例(%)] 9 920(24.2) 1 567(25.2) 5 330(14.6) 2 125(19.9) χ2=1 221.17 <0.001 总胆固醇(mmol/L) 4.90±1.09 4.85±1.07 5.01±1.22 5.04±1.19 F=94.49 <0.001 甘油三酯(mmol/L) 1.06(0.76~1.46) 1.05(0.76~1.46) 1.59(1.11~2.43) 1.61(1.12~2.44) H=2 647.29 <0.001 高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(mmol/L) 1.61±0.40 1.63±0.44 1.48±0.37 1.50±0.41 F=842.06 <0.001 收缩压(mmHg) 125.4±19.5 126.8±20.7 136.1±20.7 138.4±21.9 F=2 358.80 <0.001 舒张压(mmHg) 80.97±11.20 81.16±11.66 86.18±11.62 86.35±11.98 F=1 621.65 <0.001 空腹血糖(mmol/L) 5.27±1.40 5.31±1.64 5.64±1.78 5.84±2.17 F=516.06 <0.001 hs-CRP(mg/L) 0.44(0.20~0.98) 5.80(3.91~9.22) 0.74(0.33~1.40) 6.10(4.10~6.10) H=9 921.87 <0.001 腰围(cm) 79.74±6.35 80.36±6.21 93.70±7.23 95.39±8.45 F=33 280.20 <0.001 BMI(kg/m²) 23.27±2.76 23.28±2.94 26.79±3.09 27.08±3.52 F=11 317.10 <0.001 婚姻状况(已婚)[例(%)] 38 515(94.0) 5 832(93.9) 34 719(95.1) 9 982(93.4) χ2=70.34 <0.001 饮酒[例(%)] 16 859(41.1) 2 281(36.7) 10 832(29.7) 3 870(36.2) χ2=1 106.71 <0.001 吸烟[例(%)] 16 087(39.3) 2 277(36.7) 15 711 (43.0) 3 977(37.2) χ2=208.88 <0.001 报告收入(≥800元)[例(%)] 2 680(6.5) 373(6.0) 2 520(6.9) 705(6.6) χ2=8.77 <0.001 体育锻炼[例(%)] χ2=514.25 <0.001 从不 4 071(9.9) 521(8.4) 2 941(8.1) 744(7.0) 偶尔 31 360(76.5) 4 912(79.1) 26 801(73.4) 8 200(76.7) 经常 5 547(13.5) 777(12.5) 6 760(18.5) 1 743(16.3) 表 2 CVAI、hs-CRP水平与消化系统恶性肿瘤发病风险Cox比例风险模型
Table 2. Cox proportional hazards model of CVAI and hs-CRP levels and the risk of digestive system malignancies
组别 例数/总数 发病密度
(/千人年)模型1 模型2 模型3 HR(95%CI) P值 HR(95%CI) P值 HR(95%CI) P值 CVAI1) 低水平 842/47 188 1.66 1.00 1.00 1.00 高水平 1 201/47 189 2.50 1.50(1.37~1.64) <0.001 1.41(1.29~1.54) <0.001 1.34(1.23~1.47) <0.001 hs-CRP2) ≤3 mg/L 1 651/77 480 2.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 >3 mg/L 392/16 897 2.38 1.16(1.04~1.30) 0.011 1.15(1.03~1.29) 0.013 1.14(1.02~1.28) 0.019 注:模型1为单因素分析;模型2在模型1的基础上校正了年龄、性别;模型3在模型2的基础上校正了总胆固醇、hs-CRP、BMI、体育活动、教育背景、婚姻状况、吸烟情况、饮酒情况。1)进一步校正hs-CRP水平;2)进一步校正CVAI。
表 3 CVAI联合hs-CRP水平对总体消化系统恶性肿瘤影响的Cox比例风险模型
Table 3. Cox proportional hazards model of CVAI combined with hs-CRP levels for overall digestive system malignancies
组别 例数/总数 发病密度
(/千人年)模型1 模型2 模型3 HR(95%CI) P值 HR(95%CI) P值 HR(95%CI) P值 CVAI(-)CRP(-) 730/40 978 1.65 1.00 1.00 1.00 CVAI(-)CRP(+) 112/6 210 1.77 1.07(1.04~1.12) <0.001 1.06(1.03~1.10) <0.001 1.05(1.01~1.09) <0.001 CVAI(+)CRP(-) 921/36 502 2.42 1.48(1.34~1.63) <0.001 1.38(1.25~1.52) <0.001 1.32(1.20~1.45) <0.001 CVAI(+)CRP(+) 280/10 687 2.77 1.62(1.41~1.86) <0.001 1.56(1.36~1.80) <0.001 1.48(1.28~1.70) <0.001 注:模型1为单因素分析;模型2在模型1的基础上校正了年龄、性别;模型3在模型2的基础上校正了总胆固醇、hs-CRP、BMI、体育活动、教育背景、婚姻状况、吸烟情况、饮酒情况。
表 4 CVAI联合hs-CRP水平对各个消化系统恶性肿瘤影响的Cox比例风险模型
Table 4. Cox proportional hazards model of CVAI combined with hs-CRP levels for various digestive system malignancies
肿瘤类型 发病例数 CVAI(-)CRP(+) 1) CVAI(+)CRP(-) 1) CVAI(+)CRP(+) 1) HR(95%CI) P值 HR(95%CI) P值 HR(95%CI) P值 食管癌 198 1.17(0.66~2.05) 0.594 0.98(0.73~1.34) 0.917 0.78(0.46~1.32) 0.363 胃癌 403 0.81(0.50~1.32) 0.392 1.20(0.96~1.49) 0.108 1.48(1.09~2.00) 0.011 小肠癌 36 0.85(0.11~6.79) 0.877 2.55(1.11~5.87) 0.028 3.85(1.43~10.33) 0.007 结直肠癌 737 1.25(1.05~1.30) <0.001 1.50(1.27~1.77) <0.001 1.76(1.40~2.21) <0.001 肝癌 461 1.14(0.77~1.69) 0.516 1.19(1.01~1.36) 0.048 1.35(1.05~1.81) 0.046 胆囊及肝外胆管癌 64 0.63(0.15~2.69) 0.532 1.59(0.92~2.74) 0.096 0.96(0.39~2.40) 0.932 胰腺癌 144 1.44(0.73~2.85) 0.297 1.49(1.03~2.18) 0.036 1.60(1.07~2.41) 0.031 注:校正因素包括年龄、性别、BMI、吸烟情况、饮酒情况、婚姻情况、家庭收入、教育背景、体育活动、恶性肿瘤家族史。对肝癌增加了HBsAg水平、脂肪肝、肝硬化的调整;对肝外胆管癌、胆囊癌增加了胆结石、胆囊息肉的调整。1)以CVAI(-)CRP(-)为参照进行对比。
表 5 排除1年内患癌及服用降脂药人群的敏感性分析
Table 5. Sensitivity analysis excluding people who developed cancer or took lipid-lowering drugs within one year
因素 例数/总数 发病密度(/千人年) HR(95%CI) P值 排除随访1年内患癌者109例 CVAI(-)CRP(-) 701/40 949 1.58 1.00 CVAI(-)CRP(+) 104/6 202 1.64 1.02(0.83~1.26) 0.837 CVAI(+)CRP(-) 879/36 459 2.31 1.31(1.19~1.45) 0.001 CVAI(+)CRP(+) 251/10 658 2.50 1.39(1.20~1.61) 0.001 排除服用降脂药者923例 CVAI(-)CRP(-) 727/40 787 1.65 1.00 CVAI(-)CRP(+) 112/6 185 1.78 1.06(0.87~1.29) 0.054 CVAI(+)CRP(-) 900/36 012 2.41 1.30(1.18~1.43) 0.001 CVAI(+)CRP(+) 273/10 470 2.75 1.46(1.27~1.68) 0.001 注:校正因素包括年龄、性别、BMI、吸烟情况、饮酒情况、婚姻情况、家庭收入、教育背景、体育活动、恶性肿瘤家族史。
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