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QTc间期对肝硬化腹水患者短期预后的预测价值

李叶 李生浩 王晴晴 张露 郑妍敏

引用本文:
Citation:

QTc间期对肝硬化腹水患者短期预后的预测价值

DOI: 10.12449/JCH250722
基金项目: 

国家自然科学基金地区科学基金项目 (82260408);

云南省教育厅科学研究基金项目 (2024J0863);

昆明市科技局社会发展与科技惠民计划项目 (2023-1-NS-002)

利益冲突声明:本文不存在任何利益冲突。
作者贡献声明:李叶负责课题设计,资料分析,撰写论文;张露、郑妍敏参与收集数据;李生浩、王晴晴负责指导撰写文章并最后定稿。
详细信息
    通信作者:

    李生浩, doctorlee3h@163.com (ORCID: 0000-0003-1207-3226)

    王晴晴, wangqingqing1511@163.com (ORCID: 0000-0001-8033-3216)

Predictive value of QTc for short-term prognosis in patients with cirrhotic ascites

Research funding: 

Regional Science Foundation of National Natural Science Foundation of China (82260408);

Scientific Research Foundation of Yunnan Education Department (2024J0863);

Social Development and Technology Benefit Program Project of Kunming Science and Technology Bureau (2023-1-NS-002)

More Information
  • 摘要:   目的  探索校正的QT间期(QTc)与肝硬化腹水患者短期病死率的关系及其联合Child-Pugh分级对患者短期死亡的预测价值。  方法  选取2022年10月—2024年3月因肝硬化腹水住院的245例患者为研究对象(训练集),另纳入2024年4月—10月同类患者88例进行外部验证(验证集)。收集患者人口学资料、基本临床资料及入院首次心电图相关指标,根据30天随访结果将患者分为死亡组和存活组,通过Lasso回归、单因素和多因素二元Logistic回归分析探索预后影响因素,构建死亡风险列线图模型,用受试者操作特征曲线(ROC曲线)、校准曲线及决策曲线对模型进行评价。采用Shapiro-Wilk检验对数据进行正态性分析,计量资料服从正态分布的两组间比较采用成组t检验,不服从正态分布的两组间比较采用Mann-Whitney U检验;计数资料两组间比较采用χ2检验。  结果  训练集病死率为35.1%(86/245),验证集病死率为30.7%(27/88)。经Lasso回归筛选,合并肿瘤、QTc间期、HCT、TBil、DBil、ALP、Alb、CHE、HDL-C、CEA、INR、MELD、Child-Pugh分级是肝硬化腹水患者30天死亡的潜在影响因素。单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析显示:QTc间期(OR=1.010,95%CI:1.001~1.020,P=0.039)、合并肿瘤(OR=6.904,95%CI:2.997~12.391,P<0.001)、TBil(OR=1.009,95%CI:1.004~1.014,P=0.001)和Child-Pugh分级(OR=2.532,95%CI:1.256~5.105,P=0.009)是肝硬化腹水患者30天死亡的独立危险因素。基于多因素Logistic分析结果构建列线图在训练集中的ROC曲线下面积为0.824,灵敏度和特异度分别为81.1%和74.4%,Hosmer-Lemeshow拟合优度检验显示P=0.673,校准曲线平均绝对误差为0.020;在验证集中的ROC曲线下面积为0.886,灵敏度和特异度分别为91.8%和70.4%,Hosmer-Lemeshow拟合优度检验显示P=0.965,校准曲线平均绝对误差为0.032;阈值概率为0.15~0.85时,决策曲线提示获益较好。预测模型的ROC曲线下面积(0.824)高于传统MELD评分(0.700)、MELD-Na评分(0.698)、Child-Pugh评分(0.674)(P值均<0.05)。  结论  QTc间期是肝硬化腹水患者短期死亡的独立预测因子,且包含QTc和Child-Pugh分级的预后模型对患者短期病死率有较好的预测价值。

     

  • 注: a,Lasso回归变量筛选动态过程图;b,Lasso回归变量交叉验证过程图。

    图  1  肝硬化腹水患者30天死亡影响因素的Lasso回归分析

    Figure  1.  Lasso regression of influencing factors of 30-day death in cirrhotic ascites patients

    图  2  肝硬化腹水患者30天死亡风险的动态列线图模型

    Figure  2.  Dynamic nomogram model of 30-day mortality risk in cirrhotic ascites patients

    注: a、b、c,训练集;d、e、f,验证集。

    图  3  训练集与验证集的ROC曲线、校正曲线及DCA曲线

    Figure  3.  ROC curves, calibration curves, and DCA curves for the training and validation sets

    表  1  训练集肝硬化腹水患者30天内存活组与死亡组基本临床资料比较

    Table  1.   Comparison of basic clinical data between survival group and death group of patients with cirrhosis ascites in the training set

    变量 总计(n=245) 存活组(n=159) 死亡组(n=86) 统计值 P
    失代偿事件[例(%)] χ2=17.949 <0.001
    191(78.0) 131(82.4) 60(69.8)
    消化道出血 13(5.3) 12(7.5) 1(1.2)
    肝性脑病 31(12.7) 13(8.2) 18(20.9)
    脓毒症 10(4.1) 3(1.9) 7(8.1)
    合并症[例(%)] χ2=32.833 <0.001
    146(59.6) 107(67.3) 39(45.3)
    高血压 23(9.4) 12(7.5) 11(12.8)
    糖尿病 36(14.7) 25(15.7) 11(12.8)
    高血压+糖尿病 18(7.3) 8(5.0) 10(11.6)
    其他 22(9.0) 7(4.4) 15(17.4)
    肿瘤[例(%)] χ2=32.325 <0.001
    165(67.3) 127(79.9) 38(44.2)
    80(32.7) 32(20.1) 48(55.8)
    QTc(ms) 454.09±39.06 448.64±39.23 464.17±36.88 t=-3.076 0.003
    心率(次/min) 77.00(68.00~88.00) 75.00(66.00~86.50) 82.50(73.00~90.75) Z=-2.796 0.005
    WBC(109/L) 4.78(3.21~7.29) 4.23(3.00~5.76) 6.71(4.17~9.58) Z=-5.075 <0.001
    NEUT(109/L) 3.12(1.98~5.12) 2.76(1.76~4.04) 4.19(2.75~7.69) Z=-5.251 <0.001
    PLT(109/L) 91.50(64.75~143.00) 84.00(63.00~132.50) 111.00(70.00~160.00) Z=-2.302 0.021
    RDW-CV(%) 15.50(14.20~17.00) 15.20(13.85~16.90) 16.00(14.88~17.60) Z=-2.999 0.003
    Na(mmol/L) 138.40(135.70~140.60) 138.80(136.43~140.98) 137.70(134.82~139.90) Z=-2.061 0.009
    Cl(mmol/L) 106.45(103.18~109.23) 106.90(104.32~109.30) 104.85(101.35~108.45) Z=-2.856 0.004
    UREA(mmol/L) 4.95(3.95~7.11) 4.59(3.75~6.34) 6.37(4.66~8.55) Z=-4.343 <0.001
    CRP(mg/L) 11.06(3.43~27.00) 5.51(1.71~17.82) 19.91(10.28~38.57) Z=-5.753 <0.001
    PCT(ng/mL) 0.21(0.10~0.61) 0.15(0.09~0.39) 0.42(0.16~1.08) Z=-4.786 <0.001
    TBil(μmol/L) 31.90(18.60~69.30) 26.20(17.75~44.90) 50.05(22.48~179.45) Z=-4.462 <0.001
    DBil(μmol/L) 13.60(7.60~38.80) 10.90(6.90~21.55) 24.40(11.40~116.80) Z=-5.257 <0.001
    GGT(U/L) 89.00(43.50~184.00) 68.05(39.25~146.00) 121.00(70.00~261.50) Z=-3.616 <0.001
    ALP(U/L) 148.00(99.00~224.00) 132.50(91.00~187.50) 186.00(127.00~294.50) Z=-4.614 <0.001
    ALT(U/L) 33.00(23.00~72.00) 30.00(21.00~54.00) 41.00(28.00~93.50) Z=-2.466 0.014
    AST(U/L) 53.00(36.00~106.00) 44.00(32.00~73.50) 78.00(44.50~161.25) Z=-4.065 <0.001
    PA(mg/I) 70.90(47.10~107.50) 81.80(50.45~111.95) 57.90(34.35~98.60) Z=-2.973 0.003
    Alb(g/L) 29.48±6.26 30.28±6.53 27.97±5.45 t=2.945 0.006
    ChE(U/L) 2 910.00(2 136.75~4 141.00) 3 410.00(2 381.00~4 646.00) 2 324.00(1 753.00~3 113.00) Z=-5.176 <0.001
    HDL-C(mmol/L) 0.78±0.46 0.88±0.44 0.57±0.42 t=5.331 <0.001
    CEA(ng/mL) 3.42(2.23~4.96) 3.23(2.11~4.61) 3.88(2.70~5.88) Z=-3.148 0.002
    AFP(ng/mL) 6.08(2.92~47.38) 5.06(2.77~16.08) 27.89(4.51~2 169.00) Z=-4.625 <0.001
    CA125(U/mL) 110.95(36.15~316.98) 76.90(27.10~246.12) 228.74(91.78~462.85) Z=-4.347 <0.001
    CA19-9(U/mL) 33.59(15.96~70.85) 31.04(15.23~58.08) 45.27(22.73~132.16) Z=-2.667 0.008
    PT(s) 16.50(15.38~18.50) 16.20(15.22~17.70) 17.05(15.53~19.85) Z=-2.910 0.004
    PTA(%) 59.55±15.50 61.85±14.53 55.32±16.41 t=3.090 0.002
    INR 1.40(1.26~1.60) 1.35(1.25~1.49) 1.48(1.31~1.77) Z=-3.815 <0.001
    MELD评分(分) 63.75±7.44 61.85±6.11 67.24±8.39 t=-5.249 <0.001
    MELD-Na评分(分) 63.72(59.19~68.95) 61.99(58.11~66.46) 67.10(61.84~74.52) Z=-5.117 <0.001
    Child-Pugh评分(分) 10.00(8.00~12.00) 9.00(8.00~11.00) 11.00(9.00~12.00) Z=-4.549 <0.001
    Child-Pugh‍分‍级[例(%)] χ2=27.061 <0.001
    A级 13(5.3) 12(7.5) 1(1.2)
    B级 107(43.7) 85(53.5) 22(25.6)
    C级 125(51.0) 62(39.0) 63(73.3)
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  验证集肝硬化腹水患者30天内存活组与死亡组基本临床资料比较

    Table  2.   Comparison of basic clinical data between survival group and death group of patients with cirrhosis ascites in the validation set

    变量 总计(n=88) 存活组(n=61) 死亡组(n=27) 统计值 P
    肿瘤[例(%)] χ2=36.475 0.001
    64(72.7) 56(91.8) 8(29.6)
    24(27.3) 5(8.2) 19(70.4)
    QTc(ms) 432.50(417.50~458.50) 432.00(418.00~454.00) 433.00(414.50~462.00) Z=-0.566 0.047
    RV5(mv) 0.84(0.66~1.23) 0.91(0.70~1.45) 0.76(0.57~1.01) Z=-2.240 0.025
    PLT(109/L) 82.00(55.50~128.00) 70.00(45.25~110.00) 113.00(84.00~148.50) Z=-2.808 0.005
    RDW-CV(%) 15.90(14.40~19.10) 15.25(13.88~18.18) 17.20(15.50~21.40) Z=-2.510 0.012
    Na(mmol/L) 136.90(133.28~139.60) 137.80(134.70~140.00) 133.50(130.85~137.00) Z=-3.393 0.001
    Cl(mmol/L) 105.35(101.08~108.75) 107.40(103.90~109.60) 102.20(98.75~104.85) Z=-3.067 0.002
    CRP(mg/L) 16.38(4.36~34.32) 10.08(3.01~21.03) 34.01(10.32~49.59) Z=-3.348 0.001
    PCT(ng/mL) 0.26(0.12~1.16) 0.19(0.09~0.65) 0.49(0.19~1.40) Z=-2.229 0.026
    DBil(μmol/L) 19.20(10.18~57.85) 15.70(7.70~40.40) 26.60(16.90~66.35) Z=-2.244 0.025
    GGT(U/L) 116.40(43.30~245.90) 100.00(37.60~188.20) 202.80(56.73~332.15) Z=-2.198 0.028
    ALP(U/L) 135.00(94.00~209.00) 119.00(89.00~154.00) 219.00(133.75~356.50) Z=-3.593 0.001
    AST(U/L) 68.50(40.75~115.00) 58.00(31.00~97.00) 102.00(64.50~148.00) Z=-2.642 0.008
    PA(mg/I) 55.10(41.75~90.90) 63.80(43.60~97.90) 49.25(37.68~63.25) Z=-1.970 0.049
    HDL-C(mmol/L) 0.55(0.26~0.98) 0.70(0.26~1.07) 0.43(0.27~0.55) Z=-2.498 0.012
    LDL-C(mmol/L) 1.89(1.48~2.69) 1.71(1.35~2.48) 2.00(1.66~3.39) Z=-2.474 0.013
    AFP(ng/mL) 6.23(3.06~183.72) 4.82(3.01~24.51) 238.82(4.46~11 188.17) Z=-2.746 0.006
    CA125(U/mL) 249.45(42.46~541.92) 151.35(23.63~320.20) 454.46(241.44~613.69) Z=-3.376 0.001
    腹水深度(mm) 52.19±28.29 46.00±27.36 66.19±25.66 t=-3.334 0.022
    MELD-Na评分(分) 63.97(59.55~71.71) 63.22(58.83~69.86) 68.84(63.67~74.66) Z=-2.170 0.030
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  肝硬化腹水患者30天死亡的单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析

    Table  3.   Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression of 30-day death in cirrhotic ascites patients

    变量 单因素分析 多因素分析
    OR 95%CI P OR 95%CI P
    肿瘤 5.013 2.819~8.950 <0.001 6.904 2.99712.391 <0.001
    QTc 1.011 1.004~1.019 0.004 1.010 1.0011.020 0.039
    HCT 1.022 1.001~1.042 0.037
    TBil 1.010 1.006~1.014 0.001 1.009 1.0041.014 0.001
    DBil 1.013 1.008~1.019 0.001
    ALP 1.004 1.002~1.016 <0.001
    Alb 0.941 0.900~0.983 0.007
    ChE 1.000 0.999~1.000 <0.001
    HDL-C 0.177 0.086~0.360 0.001
    CEA 1.119 1.020~1.229 0.018
    INR 7.941 2.911~21.658 <0.001
    MELD 1.114 1.068~1.162 0.001
    Child-Pugh分级 3.834 2.242~6.554 <0.001 2.532 1.2565.105 0.009
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4  列线图与其他模型对肝硬化腹水患者30天死亡的预测价值比较

    Table  4.   Comparison of predictive value of nomograms and other models for 30-day death in cirrhotic ascites

    评分模型 AUC 95%CI 截断值 灵敏度(%) 特异度(%) P
    列线图 0.824 0.767~0.881 0.405 81.1 74.4 <0.001
    MELD评分 0.700 0.630~0.770 65.730 77.2 54.7 <0.001
    MELD-Na评分 0.698 0.628~0.769 65.108 70.9 61.6 <0.001
    Child-Pugh评分 0.674 0.605~0.743 9.500 72.1 59.7 <0.001
    下载: 导出CSV
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  • 收稿日期:  2024-11-28
  • 录用日期:  2025-03-03
  • 出版日期:  2025-07-25
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