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原发性胆汁性胆管炎合并干燥综合征的危险因素分析及预测模型构建

陈树 陈洁 常新 武剑

引用本文:
Citation:

原发性胆汁性胆管炎合并干燥综合征的危险因素分析及预测模型构建

DOI: 10.12449/JCH250718
基金项目: 

苏州市基础研究试点项目 (SSD2024033);

姑苏卫生青年拔尖人才项目 (GSWS2020018)

伦理学声明:本研究于2022年10月15日经由苏州大学附属第一医院伦理委员会审批,批号:2023-097。
利益冲突声明:本文不存在任何利益冲突。
作者贡献声明:陈树、陈洁负责收集数据,资料分析和撰写论文;常新负责指导论文撰写;武剑负责课题设计及最后定稿。
详细信息
    通信作者:

    武剑, wujian001@suda.edu.cn (ORCID: 0000-0001-5165-2306)

Risk factors and prediction models for primary biliary cholangitis comorbid with Sjögren’s syndrome

Research funding: 

Suzhou Basic Research Pilot Program (SSD2024033);

Suzhou Young Top Talent Program in Healthcare (GSWS2020018)

More Information
  • 摘要:   目的  探讨原发性胆汁性胆管炎(PBC)患者合并干燥综合征(SS)的危险因素,建立诊断预测模型并比较不同模型间的效能。  方法  纳入2012年1月—2023年4月在苏州大学附属第一医院首次诊断为PBC的患者183例,并根据是否患有SS将其分为单纯PBC组(n=96)和PBC合并SS组(n=87),比较两组患者的临床表现、血清学抗体、实验室指标。计量资料两组间比较采用成组t检验或Mann-Whitney U检验;计数资料两组间比较采用χ2检验。多因素Logistic回归分析PBC患者合并SS的危险因素。继而建立人工神经网络(ANN)诊断预测模型及多因素逻辑回归(MLR)诊断预测模型,通过MedCalc软件绘制受试者操作特征曲线,采用Delong检验比较两模型曲线下面积(AUC)的差异。  结果  血清免疫球蛋白G水平(OR=1.600,95%CI:1.364~1.876,P<0.001)是PBC患者合并SS的独立危险因素,血清TBil水平(OR=0.760,95%CI:0.700~0.811,P=0.005)是PBC患者合并SS的独立保护因素。PBC合并SS诊断的ANN模型与MLR模型的AUC分别为0.919(95%CI:0.870~0.954)和0.896(95%CI:0.843~0.936),证明两模型预测效能较好,其中ANN模型的预测效能优于MLR模型,两模型效能之间差异具有统计学意义(P=0.019 2)。  结论  PBC合并SS患者首次就诊时常处于病程早期,病情较轻,早期诊治有利于患者的预后。对于首次诊断或就诊期间发现血清免疫球蛋白G偏高的PBC患者,筛查排除SS诊断是有必要的。

     

  • 图  1  ANN模型的自变量重要性分析

    Figure  1.  Analysis of independent variable importance in ANN models

    图  2  ANN模型和MLR模型的ROC曲线

    Figure  2.  Comparison of ROC curves between ANN and MLR models

    表  1  PBC合并SS组与单纯PBC组的一般情况及临床特征比较

    Table  1.   Comparison of general and clinical characteristics between Group PBC combined with SS and Group PBC-only

    指标 PBC合并SS组(n=87) 单纯PBC组(n=96) 统计值 P
    女[例(%)] 83(95.4) 89(92.7) χ2=0.586 0.444
    年龄(岁) 54.77±11.36 57.28±12.04 t=2.095 0.149
    病程(月) 7.00(3.00~16.00) 37.00(14.00~74.00) Z=6.155 <0.001
    吸烟史[例(%)] 5(5.75) 6(6.25) χ2=0.020 0.886
    饮酒史[例(%)] 3(3.45) 4(4.17) χ2=0.064 0.800
    高血压[例(%)] 9(10.34) 10(10.42) χ2=0.000 0.987
    糖尿病[例(%)] 10(11.49) 11(11.46) χ2=0.000 0.994
    肾脏受累[例(%)] 7(8.05) 9(9.38) χ2=0.101 0.751
    乏力[例(%)] 71(81.61) 87(90.63) χ2=3.145 0.076
    腹胀不适[例(%)] 45(51.72) 30(31.25) χ2=2.898 0.089
    水肿[例(%)] 17(19.54) 22(22.92) χ2=0.310 0.578
    肝掌[例(%)] 6(6.90) 3(3.13) χ2=1.388 0.239
    蜘蛛痣[例(%)] 7(8.05) 2(2.08) χ2=3.470 0.062
    恶心呕吐[例(%)] 10(11.49) 11(11.46) χ2=0.000 0.994
    瘙痒[例(%)] 16(18.39) 20(20.83) χ2=0.172 0.618
    皮肤巩膜黄染[例(%)] 19(21.84) 48(50.00) χ2=15.596 <0.001
    纳差[例(%)] 43(49.43) 73(76.04) χ2=13.932 <0.001
    食管胃底静脉曲张[例(%)] 16(18.39) 28(29.17) χ2=2.902 0.088
    消化道出血[例(%)] 5(5.75) 15(15.63) χ2=4.575 0.032
    腹水[例(%)] 15(17.24) 26(27.08) χ2=2.669 0.102
    肝性脑病[例(%)] 2(2.30) 2(2.08) χ2=0.010 0.921
    脾大[例(%)] 36(41.38) 46(47.92) χ2=0.789 0.374
    脾功能亢进[例(%)] 25(28.74) 26(27.08) χ2=0.062 0.803
    口干眼干[例(%)] 84(96.55) 10(10.42) χ2=135.540 <0.001
    猖獗龋齿[例(%)] 37(42.53) 4(4.17) χ2=38.634 <0.001
    腮腺肿大[例(%)] 30(34.48) 3(3.13) χ2=30.362 <0.001
    肝硬化[例(%)] 35(40.23) 52(54.17) χ2=3.554 0.059
    失代偿期肝硬化[例(%)] 33(37.93) 51(53.13) χ2=4.243 0.039
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  PBC合并SS组与单纯PBC组的自身阳性抗体比较

    Table  2.   Comparison of autoantibodies between Group PBC combined with SS and Group PBC-only

    抗体 PBC合并SS
    组(n=87)
    单纯PBC
    组(n=96)
    χ2 P
    ANA[例(%)] 87(100.00) 92(95.83) 3.706 0.054
    SSA抗体[例(%)] 76(87.36) 6(6.25) 121.399 <0.001
    SSB抗体[例(%)] 47(54.02) 2(2.08) 62.797 <0.001
    CENP-B抗体[例(%)] 27(31.03) 20(20.83) 2.488 0.115
    AMA-M2[例(%)] 79(90.80) 87(90.63) 0.002 0.967
    SP100抗体[例(%)] 13(14.94) 19(19.79) 0.744 0.388
    LKM1抗体[例(%)] 3(3.45) 2(2.08) 0.320 0.572
    LC1抗体(例) 0 0
    GP210抗体[例(%)] 19(21.84) 20(20.83) 0.028 0.868
    SLA抗体[例(%)] 1(1.15) 0 1.110 0.292

    注:ANA,抗核抗体;CENP-B抗体,抗着丝粒蛋白B抗体;AMA-M2,抗线粒体抗体M2型;SP100抗体,抗核点蛋白100抗体;LKM1抗体,抗肝肾微粒体抗体1型;LC1抗体,抗肝细胞溶质1型抗体;GP210抗体,抗核孔复合体糖蛋白210抗体;SLA抗体,抗可溶性肝抗原抗体。

    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  PBC合并SS组与单纯PBC组的实验室指标比较

    Table  3.   Comparison of laboratory parameters between Group PBC combined with SS and Group PBC-only

    指标 PBC合并SS组(n=87) 单纯PBC组(n=96) 统计值 P
    WBC(×109/L) 4.56(3.61~6.54) 4.74(3.36~6.85) Z=0.256 0.798
    Hb(g/L) 113.00(103.00~127.00) 108.50(93.25~123.75) Z=2.106 0.035
    PLT(×109/L) 138.00(87.00~198.00) 121.50(71.25~198.50) Z=0.954 0.340
    LYM(×109/L) 1.27(0.80~1.84) 1.14(0.80~1.86) Z=0.407 0.684
    NEUT(×109/L) 2.62(1.95~3.84) 2.94(2.07~4.22) Z=0.815 0.415
    Alb(g/L) 37.90(31.20~41.40) 35.00(28.03~39.35) Z=2.571 0.010
    ALT(U/L) 35.10(22.80~70.70) 56.15(28.43~100.00) Z=2.597 0.009
    AST(U/L) 38.30(29.00~71.00) 68.30(41.98~98.76) Z=3.566 <0.001
    ALP(U/L) 163.00(95.00~275.20) 207.45(155.48~368.00) Z=3.236 0.001
    GGT(U/L) 140.20(79.00~326.70) 215.25(111.08~387.08) Z=2.027 0.043
    TBil(U/L) 14.90(11.20~22.00) 32.90(16.43~85.80) Z=5.275 <0.001
    CRE(U/L) 51.80(45.00~65.00) 53.25(45.00~67.00) Z=0.082 0.934
    TG(U/L) 1.30(0.93~1.76) 1.28(0.87~1.86) Z=0.162 0.871
    TC(U/L) 4.59(3.98~5.37) 4.84(3.42~6.59) Z=0.680 0.496
    LDL(U/L) 2.52(1.88~3.08) 2.45(1.63~3.67) Z=0.604 0.546
    ESR(mm/h) 28.00(15.00~49.00) 25.00(16.00~36.00) Z=1.054 0.292
    CRP(mg/L) 3.80(2.49~5.98) 5.30(2.79~11.69) Z=2.447 0.014
    PT(s) 11.90(11.10~13.50) 12.20(10.90~14.60) Z=1.063 0.288
    INR 1.03(0.96~1.11) 1.05(0.94~1.27) Z=1.256 0.209
    IgA(g/L) 3.02(2.14~3.99) 2.98(2.20~3.61) Z=0.590 0.555
    IgG(g/L) 18.10(16.90~21.20) 13.50(11.40~16.88) Z=7.716 <0.001
    IgM(g/L) 2.97(2.13~3.88) 3.15(2.72~5.46) Z=2.342 0.019
    C3(g/L) 0.85±0.26 0.88±0.23 t=0.904 0.343
    C4(g/L) 0.23(0.18~0.29) 0.23(0.16~0.27) Z=0.829 0.407

    注:WBC,白细胞;PLT,血小板;LYM,淋巴细胞;NEUT,中性粒细胞;CRE,肌酐;TG,甘油三酯;TC,总胆固醇;LDL,低密度脂蛋白;ESR,血细胞沉降率;PT,凝血酶原时间;INR,国际标准化比率;C3,补体3;C4,补体4。

    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4  PBC患者合并SS的影响因素分析

    Table  4.   Regression analysis of potential influencing factors for concomitant SS diagnosis in patients with PBC

    因素 B SE Wald P OR 95%CI
    皮肤巩膜黄染 0.677 0.570 1.412 0.235 1.969 0.644~6.016
    纳差 -0.952 0.499 3.640 0.056 0.386 0.145~1.026
    消化道出血 -0.771 0.813 0.899 0.343 0.463 0.094~2.276
    肝硬化失代偿 0.390 0.533 0.536 0.464 1.477 0.520~4.194
    Hb(g/L) 0.009 0.013 0.431 0.511 1.099 0.950~1.235
    ALT(U/L) -0.007 0.004 2.760 0.097 1.007 0.934~1.219
    ALP(U/L) -0.001 0.002 0.366 0.545 0.935 0.900~1.219
    AST(U/L) -0.004 0.005 0.597 0.440 0.996 0.939~1.398
    GGT(U/L) -0.001 0.001 0.549 0.459 0.900 0.860~1.248
    TBil(U/L) -0.020 0.007 8.026 0.005 0.760 0.700~0.811
    Alb(g/L) 0.043 0.044 0.921 0.337 1.043 0.957~1.138
    IgG(g/L) 0.470 0.081 33.444 <0.001 1.600 1.364~1.876
    IgM(g/L) -0.096 0.147 0.430 0.512 0.908 0.681~1.211
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  5  PBC患者合并SS的两种预测模型的基本参数比较

    Table  5.   Comparison of key parameters between two predictive models for disease in patients with PBC with concomitant SS

    模型 特异度 敏感度 AUC 95%CI 约登指数
    MLR模型 0.875 0.759 0.896 0.843~0.936 0.633 6
    ANN模型 0.875 0.839 0.919 0.870~0.954 0.714 1
    下载: 导出CSV
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