肝豆状核变性K-F环分级与认知功能的相关性分析
DOI: 10.12449/JCH250622
Correlation between Kayser-Fleischer ring grading and cognitive function in Wilson’s disease
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摘要:
目的 基于一种新的肝豆状核变性(WD)K-F环分级方法探讨其与认知功能是否具有相关性。 方法 选取2022年4月—2023年10月在安徽中医药大学第一附属医院脑病中心住院的WD患者136例,所有入选的对象均进行裂隙灯检查,并根据铜沉积在角膜的形状、范围、是否成环及晶状体是否出现葵花样混浊改变,将K-F环分为0~5级。指导患者完成UWDRS、MoCA、MMSE量表测评,分析不同K-F环分级的患者以上指标的差异。符合正态分布的计量资料多组间比较采用单因素方差分析,进一步多重比较采用LSD-t(方差齐时)或Dunnett’s T3检验(方差不齐时)。非正态分布的计量资料多组间比较采用Kruskal-Wallis H检验。计数资料多组间比较采用χ2检验。采用Spearman相关性分析判断K-F环分级与UWDRS、MoCA、MMSE评分的相关性。 结果 136例WD患者中最多的为K-F环分级4级(40例,29.4%),最少的为0级(14例,10.3%);另有1级22例(16.2%),2级19例(14.0%),3级25例(18.4%),5级16例(11.7%)。按照不同K-F环分级,UWDRS评分呈明显上升趋势(F=22.61,P<0.001),MoCA、MMSE评分呈明显下降趋势(F值分别为16.40、13.80,P值均<0.001)。Spearman相关分析发现,K-F环分级与WD患者的UWDRS评分呈正相关(r=0.67,P<0.01),与WD患者的MoCA、MMSE评分呈负相关(r值分别为-0.59、-0.57,P值均<0.01)。 结论 新的K-F环分级方法可以在一定程度上区分WD患者病情轻重,并可部分反映患者认知功能及日常生活能力水平。 Abstract:Objective To investigate the correlation with cognitive function based on a new Kayser-Fleischer ring (K-F ring) grading method in Wilson’s disease (WD). Methods A total of 136 WD patients who were hospitalized in Encephalopathy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, from April 2022 to October 2023 were enrolled. All subjects underwent slit lamp examination, and the grade of K-F ring was determined according to the shape and extent of copper deposition in the cornea, whether it formed a ring or not, and whether there was a sunflower-like cloudy change in the lens. The patients were instructed to complete UWDRS, MoCA, and MMSE scale assessments, and these indicators were compared between patients with different K-F ring grades. An analysis of variance was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between multiple groups, and the least significant difference t-test (homogeneity of variance) or the Dunnett’s T3 test (heterogeneity of variance) was used for further multiple comparisons; the Kruskal-Wallis H test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data between multiple groups; the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups. The Spearman correlation analysis was used to investigate the correlation of K-F ring grade with UWDRS, MoCA, and MMSE scores. Results Among the 136 patients with WD, there were 40 patients with grade 4 K-F ring, accounting for the highest proportion of 29.4%, and 14 patients with grade 0 K-F ring, accounting for the lowest proportion of 10.3%, and there were 22 patients with grade 1 K-F ring (16.2%), 19 with grade 2 K-F ring (14%), 25 with grade 3 K-F ring (18.4%), and 16 with grade 5 K-F ring (11.7%). According to the different grades of K-F ring, there was a significant increase in UWDRS score (F=22.61, P<0.001) and significant reductions in MoCA and MMSE scores (F=16.40 and 13.80, both P<0.001). The Spearman correlation analysis showed that K-F ring grade was positively correlated with UWDRS score (r=0.67, P<0.01) and was negatively correlated with MoCA and MMSE scores in WD patients (r=-0.59 and -0.57, both P<0.01). Conclusion The new K-F ring grading method can determine disease severity in WD patients to a certain degree and partially reflect cognitive function and activities of daily living in such patients. -
表 1 新的K-F环分级方法
Table 1. New K-F ring grading scale
分级 特征 0级 角膜无K-F环 1级 K-F环局限于角膜缘上方和/或下方呈点状、斑片状
分布2级 K-F环局限于角膜缘上方和/或下方呈月牙形或弧
形分布,范围≤1/23级 K-F环局限于角膜缘上方和/或下方呈月牙形或弧
形分布,范围>1/2,但未到达全部角膜4级 K-F环于角膜四周形成完整环状 5级 不仅角膜可见,晶状体出现葵花样混浊改变 表 2 各组患者一般资料比较
Table 2. Comparison of general information of patients in each group
组别 例数 年龄(岁) 病程(月) 性别[例(%)] 男 女 0级 14 28.71±7.31 66(12~135) 9(64.2) 5(35.7) 1级 22 26.82±6.83 54(21~87) 14(63.6) 8(36.3) 2级 19 29.79±7.51 36(19~72) 12(63.1) 7(36.9) 3级 25 28.52±8.24 84(30~144) 13(52.0) 12(48.0) 4级 40 26.15±6.17 36(12~81) 25(62.5) 15(37.5) 5级 16 31.94±12.89 18(7~86) 8(50.0) 8(50.0) 统计值 F=1.528 H=2.144 χ2=1.727 P值 0.186 0.079 0.885 表 3 不同K-F环分级组间UWDRS评分、MoCA评分、MMSE评分比较
Table 3. Comparison of UWDRS, MoCA, MMSE scores between different K-F ring grading groups
组别 例数 UWDRS评分(分) MoCA评分(分) MMSE评分(分) 0级 14 4.86±3.16 27.71±2.05 27.79±2.58 1级 22 7.46±3.28 26.73±2.95 25.77±4.20 2级 19 28.16±20.51)2) 22.05±4.191)2) 24.37±3.50 3级 25 30.84±22.161)2) 21.56±5.731)2) 22.80±5.191) 4级 40 48.20±29.151)2)3)4) 19.30±5.831)2) 19.75±4.991)2)3) 5级 16 70.75±30.121)2)3)4)5) 14.63±6.601)2)3)4) 16.69±6.331)2)3)4) F值 22.61 16.40 13.80 P值 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 注:与0级比较,1)P<0.05;与1级比较,2)P<0.05;与2级比较,3)P<0.05;与3级比较,4)P<0.05;与4级比较,5)P<0.05。
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