盐酸可洛派韦联合索磷布韦治疗基因3型HCV感染者的效果及安全性分析
DOI: 10.12449/JCH250612
Efficacy and safety of coblopasvir hydrochloride combined with sofosbuvir in treatment of patients with genotype 3 hepatitis C virus infection
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摘要:
目的 分析我国西南地区直接抗病毒药物盐酸可洛派韦/索磷布韦(CLP/SOF)方案单用或联合利巴韦林(RBV)治疗基因3型HCV感染者的病毒学应答率、肝功能恢复情况、肝硬度(LSM)改善以及药物不良反应,为临床用药提供参考。 方法 选取2022年1月—2023年12月于昆明市第三人民医院就诊的基因3型HCV感染者98例。根据治疗方式分为CLP/SOF联合RBV组(n=55)和CLP/SOF单用组(n=43)。观察治疗过程中4周快速病毒学应答(RVR4)、持续病毒学应答(SVR)、既往治疗经历、基础疾病、实验室和影像学指标,以及治疗期间的不良反应情况。疗程均为12周,停药后随访12周。正态分布的计量资料两组间比较采用成组t检验。非正态分布的计量资料两组间比较采用Mann-Whitney U检验;同组不同时间点比较采用Friedman检验,进一步两两比较采用Bonferroni法对P值进行校正。计数资料两组间比较采用χ2检验或Fisher检验。应用单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析SVR12的影响因素。 结果 治疗前,CLP/SOF联合RBV组和CLP/SOF单用组患者的LSM、TBil、GGT、HCV基因分型及是否合并肝硬化和代偿情况比较,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。98例基因3型HCV感染者RVR4率为81.6%,SVR12率为93.9%。其中HCV 3a型患者的RVR4率为84.44%,SVR12率为97.78%;3b型的RVR4率为79.25%,SVR12率为90.57%。无肝细胞癌和有肝细胞癌患者的RVR4率和SVR12率比较、无HIV和合并HIV感染者的RVR4率比较、初治和经治患者的SVR12率比较,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。单因素Logistic回归分析显示,治疗史、高血压、肝细胞癌、腹水、Alb和PLT是SVR12的影响因素(P值均<0.05);多因素Logistic回归分析显示,肝细胞癌是SVR12的独立影响因素(OR=0.034,95%CI:0.002~0.666,P=0.026)。基因3型HCV感染者在经CLP/SOF联合RBV或CLP/SOF单用治疗后,肝功能中TBil、GGT、ALT水平呈逐渐下降趋势(P值均<0.05),Alb水平呈逐渐升高趋势(P<0.05)。肾功能中尿素氮和肌酐水平治疗前后差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。合并肝硬化患者与未合并肝硬化患者经治疗12周后,两组LSM较基线水平均显著降低(P值均<0.05)。98例基因3型HCV感染者中,9例在抗病毒治疗结束12周时检测HCV RNA阳性,2例为治疗过程中无应答,4例为病毒学突破,3例为复发。所有患者治疗中不良事件总发生率为17.35%。 结论 CLP/SOF单用或联合RBV治疗基因3型HCV感染者有较高的SVR率,患者用药期间耐受性良好,药物安全性较高,值得被临床推广。 Abstract:Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of the direct-acting antiviral agents coblopasvir hydrochloride/sofosbuvir (CLP/SOF) regimen used alone or in combination with ribavirin (RBV) in the treatment of patients with genotype 3 hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in terms of virologic response rate, liver function recovery, improvement in liver stiffness measurement (LSM), and adverse drug reactions, and to provide a reference for clinical medication. Methods A total of 98 patients with genotype 3 HCV infection who attended The Third People’s Hospital of Kunming from January 2022 to December 2023 were enrolled, and according to the treatment method, the patients were divided into CLP/SOF+RBV treatment group with 55 patients and CLP/SOF treatment group with 43 patients. The patients were observed in terms of rapid virologic response at week 4 (RVR4), sustained virologic response (SVR), previous treatment experience, underlying diseases, laboratory and imaging indicators, and adverse reactions during treatment. The course of treatment was 12 weeks, and the patients were followed up for 12 weeks after drug withdrawal. The independent-samples t test was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between two groups, and the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data between two groups; the Friedman test was used for comparison within each group at different time points, and the Bonferroni method was used for further comparison and correction of P value; the chi-square test or the Fisher’s exact test was used for comparison of categorical data between two groups. The univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analyses were used to investigate the influencing factors for SVR12. Results Before treatment, there were significant differences between the CLP/SOF+RBV treatment group and the CLP/SOF treatment group in terms of LSM, total bilirubin (TBil), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), HCV genotype, and the presence or absence of liver cirrhosis and compensation (all P<0.05). The 98 patients with genotype 3 HCV infection had an RVR4 rate of 81.6% and an SVR12 rate of 93.9%. The patients with genotype 3a HCV infection had an RVR4 rate of 84.44% and an SVR12 rate of 97.78%, while the patients with genotype 3b HCV infection had an RVR4 rate of 79.25% and an SVR12 rate of 90.57%. There were significant differences in RVR4 and SVR12 rates between the patients without hepatocellular carcinoma and those with hepatocellular carcinoma, there was a significant difference in RVR4 rate between the patients without HIV infection and those with HIV infection, and there was a significant difference in SVR12 rate between the previously untreated patients and the treatment-experienced patients (all P<0.05). The univariate Logistic regression analysis showed that treatment history, hypertension, hepatocellular carcinoma, ascites, albumin (Alb), and platelet count were influencing factors for SVR12 (all P<0.05), and the multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that hepatocellular carcinoma (odds ratio=0.034, 95% confidence interval: 0.002 — 0.666, P=0.026) was an independent influencing factor for SVR12. After treatment with CLP/SOF combined with RBV or CLP/SOF alone, the patients with genotype 3 HCV infection showed gradual reductions in the liver function parameters of TBil, GGT, and alanine aminotransferase (all P<0.05) and a gradual increase in the level of Alb (P<0.05). As for renal function, there were no significant changes in blood urea nitrogen and creatinine after treatment (P>0.05). For the patients with or without liver cirrhosis, there was a significant reduction in LSM from baseline after treatment for 12 weeks (P<0.05). Among the 98 patients with genotype 3 HCV infection, 9 tested positive for HCV-RNA at 12 weeks after treatment, 2 showed no response during treatment, 4 showed virologic breakthrough, and 3 experienced recurrence. The overall incidence rate of adverse events during treatment was 17.35% for all patients. Conclusion CLP/SOF alone or in combination with RBV has a relatively high SVR rate in the treatment of genotype 3 HCV infection, with good tolerability and safety in patients during treatment, and therefore, it holds promise for clinical application. -
Key words:
- Hepatitis C, Chronic /
- Genotype 3 /
- Coblopasvir /
- Sofosbuvir /
- Treatment Outcome
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表 1 基因3型HCV感染者的一般资料比较
Table 1. General information comparison of genotype 3 HCV infected individuals
项目 合计
(n=98)CLP/SOF联合RBV组
(n=55)CLP/SOF单用组
(n=43)统计值 P值 男/女(例) 65/33 39/16 26/17 χ2=1.179 0.278 年龄(岁) 52.15±8.47 52.56±7.42 51.73±9.73 t=0.523 0.602 治疗情况(初治/经治,例) 71/27 38/17 33/10 χ2=0.708 0.400 合并高血压(否/是,例) 76/22 41/14 35/8 χ2=0.650 0.420 合并糖尿病(否/是,例) 76/22 40/15 36/7 χ2=1.675 0.196 合并肾病(否/是,例) 91/7 50/5 41/2 χ2=0.717 0.397 饮酒史(无/有,例) 70/28 39/16 31/12 χ2=0.017 0.898 HCV基因分型(3a/3b,例) 45/53 5/50 40/3 χ2=68.459 <0.001 是否失代偿(否/是,例) 77/21 39/16 38/5 χ2=4.371 0.037 合并HCC(否/是,例) 90/8 50/5 40/3 χ2=0.144 0.704 腹水(无/有,例) 74/24 38/17 36/7 χ2=2.793 0.095 合并肝硬化(否/是,例) 59/39 28/27 31/12 χ2=4.520 0.033 合并HIV感染(否/是,例) 81/17 45/10 36/7 χ2=0.016 0.805 WBC(×109/L) 5.19±1.78 5.10±1.70 5.31±1.89 t=-0.573 0.568 Hb(g/L) 144.35±28.28 147.15±28.71 140.77±27.65 t=1.109 0.270 PLT(×1012/L) 160.09±70.81 150.98±61.57 171.74±80.36 t=-1.449 0.151 PTA(%) 78.15(60.33~87.40) 72.40(59.40~85.40) 83.20(63.80~92.50) Z=-1.672 0.095 BUN(mmol/L) 5.06(4.10~6.25) 4.99(4.16~6.47) 5.16(3.93~6.12) Z=-0.730 0.465 Cr(μmol/L) 64.50(52.50~87.50) 65.00(55.00~90.00) 63.00(49.00~85.00) Z=-0.766 0.443 LSM(kPa) 8.90(6.50~13.43) 10.50(6.80~15.20) 8.50(6.50~11.50) Z=-2.285 0.022 TBil(μmol/L) 32.70(17.63~44.25) 35.60(19.50~47.20) 25.20(16.90~36.40) Z=-2.162 0.031 ALT(U/L) 93.50(51.70~185.00) 108.00(63.00~165.00) 86.00(42.00~185.00) Z=-1.074 0.283 GGT(U/L) 95.60(45.65~171.05) 120.30(69.00~233.50) 61.00(35.50~142.00) Z=-2.925 0.003 Alb(g/L) 38.85(34.10~41.20) 38.30(33.50~40.60) 40.10(34.70~41.70) Z=-1.640 0.101 HCV RNA(log10 IU/mL) 6.10(5.45~6.64) 6.11(5.43~6.65) 5.99(5.56~6.63) Z=-0.175 0.861 表 2 不同特征的HCV感染者RVR4和SVR12比较
Table 2. Compares RVR4 and SVR12 of HCV infected individuals with different characteristics
项目 例数 RVR4 SVR12 应答率
[例(%)]P值 应答率
[例(%)]P值 治疗史 >0.05 0.047 初治 71 58(81.69) 69(97.18) 经治 27 22(81.48) 23(85.19) 基因分型 0.508 0.214 3a型 45 38(84.44) 44(97.78) 3b型 53 42(79.25) 48(90.57) 联合RBV 0.637 0.226 未联合 43 35(81.40) 42(97.67) 联合 55 45(81.82) 50(90.91) 肝硬化代偿情况 0.528 0.606 代偿期 77 65(84.42) 73(94.81) 失代偿期 21 15(71.43) 19(90.48) HCC 0.018 <0.001 无 90 77(85.56) 88(97.78) 有 8 3(37.50) 4(50.00) 合并HIV感染 0.014 0.722 无 81 70(86.42) 76(93.83) 有 17 10(58.82) 16(94.12) 表 3 单因素Logistic回归分析HCV感染者SVR12的影响因素
Table 3. Univariate Logistic regression analysis of influencing factors of SVR12 in HCV infected individuals
项目 β值 P值 OR 95%CI 性别 -0.016 0.985 0.984 0.171~5.671 年龄 -0.079 0.182 0.924 0.822~1.038 治疗史 1.792 0.046 6.000 1.030~34.936 基因分型 -1.522 0.172 0.218 0.025~1.941 联合RBV -1.435 0.198 0.238 0.027~2.119 高血压 -2.107 0.020 0.122 0.021~0.717 糖尿病 -1.346 0.116 0.260 0.049~1.394 肾病 -1.053 0.370 0.349 0.035~3.483 饮酒史 -0.986 0.246 0.373 0.071~1.972 肝硬化 0.297 0.739 1.345 0.234~7.725 代偿情况 -0.653 0.470 0.521 0.089~3.059 HCC -3.784 0.001 0.023 0.003~0.163 腹水 -2.955 0.009 0.052 0.006~0.472 合并HIV感染 -0.051 0.981 0.974 0.106~8.943 PLT 0.028 0.011 1.029 1.007~1.051 PTA 0.017 0.439 1.017 0.974~1.062 LSM 0.058 0.533 1.060 0.882~1.274 TBil -0.038 0.149 0.963 0.914~1.014 ALT 0.001 0.776 1.001 0.993~1.010 GGT -0.002 0.255 0.998 0.994~1.002 Alb 0.177 0.026 1.193 1.022~1.394 表 4 基因3型HCV感染者抗病毒治疗前后肝功能、肾功能变化
Table 4. Changes in liver and kidney function in genotype 3 HCV infected individuals before and after antiviral treatment
指标 基线 治疗4周 治疗12周 治疗结束12周 χ2值 P值 TBil(μmol/L) 32.70
(17.63~44.25)19.85
14.95~28.46)1)16.40
(12.56~20.95)1)2)13.30
(11.60~16.40)1)2)3)206.293 <0.001 ALT(U/L) 93.50
(51.70~185.00)47.50
(35.00~95.25)1)36.00
(26.00~55.00)1)2)35.00
(25.75~45.00)1)2)163.864 <0.001 GGT(U/L) 95.60
(45.65~171.05)54.90
(35.88~93.95)1)44.00
(35.00~65.50)1)2)29.50
(25.00~37.25)1)2)3)204.524 <0.001 Alb(g/L) 38.85
(34.10~41.20)40.10
(36.46~41.20)1)40.40
(37.03~42.10)1)2)41.25
(39.50~42.60)1)2)107.587 <0.001 BUN(mmol/L) 5.06(4.10~6.25) 5.16(3.82~6.45) 5.07(4.16~6.48) 5.03(3.93~6.33) 4.268 0.234 Cr(μmol/L) 64.50(52.50~87.50) 65.00(51.75~87.50) 62.50(51.75~81.25) 62.00(51.00~77.50) 3.611 0.307 注:与基线比较,1)P<0.05;与治疗4周比较,2)P<0.05;与治疗12周比较,3)P<0.05。
表 5 基因3型HCV感染者抗病毒治疗前后LSM比较
Table 5. Comparison of LSM before and after antiviral treatment in genotype 3 HCV infected individuals
时间点 未合并肝硬化(n=59) 合并肝硬化(n=39) 基线LSM(kPa) 6.80(6.30~8.50) 14.50(12.10~19.20) 治疗12周LSM(kPa) 6.20(5.30~7.10) 10.80(10.40~15.40) Z值 -6.287 -5.429 P值 <0.001 <0.001 表 6 9例治疗失败患者的临床特征
Table 6. Characteristics of nine patients with failed treatment
病例编号 性别 年龄(岁) HCV基因型 RBV 治疗史 HIV 肝硬化 失代偿 HCC 腹水 1 女 63 3b 未联合 初治 无 无 无 有 有 2 女 40 3b 联合 经治 有 无 无 无 无 3 男 60 3b 联合 经治 无 无 无 有 有 4 男 67 3b 联合 经治 无 无 无 有 有 5 女 60 3a 未联合 经治 无 有 有 无 有 6 男 56 3b 联合 经治 无 有 有 无 有 7 男 56 3b 联合 经治 无 有 有 有 有 8 男 54 3b 联合 初治 无 有 有 无 有 9 男 62 3b 联合 经治 无 有 有 无 有 表 7 治疗过程中的不良反应发生情况
Table 7. Adverse reactions during treatment
组别 例数 乏力
[例(%)]头痛
[例(%)]头晕
[例(%)]失眠
[例(%)]瘙痒
[例(%)]皮疹
[例(%)]腹痛
[例(%)]恶心
[例(%)]不良事件总发生率
[例(%)]未合并肝硬化 59 4(6.78) 5(8.47) 3(5.08) 4(6.78) 3(5.08) 2(3.39) 1(1.69) 2(3.39) 7(11.86) 合并肝硬化 39 4(10.26) 4(10.26) 3(7.69) 2(5.13) 4(10.26) 1(2.56) 4(10.26) 3(7.69) 10(25.64) 合计 98 8(8.16) 9(9.18) 6(6.12) 6(6.12) 7(7.14) 3(3.06) 5(5.10) 5(5.10) 17(17.35) -
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