415例原发性肝癌中医证候分布规律及影响因素分析
DOI: 10.12449/JCH250113
The distribution pattern of traditional Chinese medicine syndromes and influencing factors for primary liver cancer: An analysis of 415 cases
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摘要:
目的 探讨原发性肝癌中医证候的影响因素,为肝癌中医辨证及标准化治疗提供理论参考。 方法 选取2019年1月—2023年12月山西省中医药研究院收治的经病理或临床诊断为原发性肝癌的415例患者,对其进行中医辨证分型。计数资料组间比较采用χ2检验。运用无序多分类Logistic回归模型探究肝癌中医证候的影响因素。 结果 415例原发性肝癌患者首发症状以肝区疼痛(31.81%)、腹胀(25.30%)、腹痛(15.18%)、乏力(13.98%)为常见。主要临床症状表现为纳差(70.84%)、乏力(69.16%)、肝区疼痛(67.47%)、眠差(59.04%)、腹胀(53.01%)、便秘(52.53%)等。中医证候在不同性别、病程、临床分期、Child-Pugh分级、是否有肝内转移及肝外转移、是否接受过经导管动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)及射频消融治疗分组中的分布差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。Logistic回归分析结果显示:性别为男性是湿热蕴结证(OR=2.036,P=0.048)与脾肾阳虚证(OR=5.240,P<0.001)的危险因素;病程<1年为湿热蕴结证(OR=2.837,P=0.004)、气滞血瘀证(OR=2.317,P=0.021)的危险因素,但为脾肾阳虚证(OR=0.385,P=0.005)的保护因素;Child-Pugh A/B级为肝肾阴虚证(OR=0.079,P<0.001)的保护因素;肝内转移为肝肾阴虚证(OR=5.117,P=0.003)、脾肾阳虚证(OR=3.303,P=0.010)的危险因素;接受经肝动脉化疗栓塞术治疗是肝肾阴虚证(OR=0.171,P<0.001)、脾肾阳虚证(OR=0.138,P<0.001)的保护因素;接受射频消融治疗是湿热蕴结证(OR=4.408,P<0.001)与肝肾阴虚证(OR=32.036,P<0.001)的危险因素。 结论 性别、病程、Child-Pugh分级、肝内转移、经肝动脉化疗栓塞术、射频消融是影响肝癌中医证候的主要因素。 Abstract:Objective To investigate the influencing factors for traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndromes of primary liver cancer, and to provide a theoretical basis for the TCM syndrome differentiation and standardized treatment of liver cancer. Methods TCM syndrome differentiation was performed for 415 patients who were admitted to Shanxi Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and were diagnosed with primary liver cancer based on pathological or clinical examinations from January 2019 to December 2023. The chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups, and the unordered polytomous logistic regression model was used to investigate the influencing factors for TCM syndromes of liver cancer. Results The common initial symptoms of the 415 patients with primary liver cancer included pain in the liver area (31.81%), abdominal distension (25.30%), abdominal pain (15.18%), and weakness (13.98%), and the main clinical symptoms included poor appetite (70.84%), fatigue (69.16%), pain in the liver area (67.47%), poor sleep (59.04%), abdominal distension (53.01%), and constipation (52.53%). There were significant differences in TCM syndromes between patients with different sexes, courses of the disease, clinical stages, Child-Pugh classes, presence or absence of intrahepatic and extrahepatic metastasis, and presence or absence of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) and radiofrequency ablation (all P<0.05). The logistic regression analysis showed that male sex was a risk factor for damp-heat accumulation (odds ratio [OR]=2.036, P=0.048) and the syndrome of spleen-kidney Yang deficiency (OR=5.240, P<0.001); a course of disease of<1 year was a risk factor for damp-heat accumulation (OR=2.837, P=0.004) and syndrome of Qi stagnation and blood stasis (OR=2.317, P=0.021), but it was a protective factor against syndrome of spleen-kidney Yang deficiency (OR=0.385, P=0.005); Child-Pugh class A/B was a protective factor against liver-kidney Yin deficiency (OR=0.079, P<0.001); intrahepatic metastasis was a risk factor for liver-kidney Yin deficiency (OR=5.117, P=0.003) and syndrome of spleen-kidney Yang deficiency (OR=3.303, P=0.010); TACE was a protective factor against liver-kidney Yin deficiency (OR=0.171, P<0.001) and syndrome of spleen-kidney Yang deficiency (OR=0.138, P<0.001); radiofrequency ablation was a risk factor for damp-heat accumulation (OR=4.408, P<0.001) and liver-kidney Yin deficiency (OR=32.036, P<0.001). Conclusion Sex, course of disease, Child-Pugh class, intrahepatic metastasis, TACE, and radiofrequency ablation are the main influencing factors for TCM syndromes of liver cancer. -
Key words:
- Liver Neoplasms /
- Symptom Complex /
- Root Cause Analysis
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表 1 415例PLC患者首发症状发生率分布情况
Table 1. Frequency distribution of first symptoms in 415 cases of PLC
首发症状 例(%) 首发症状 例(%) 肝区疼痛 132(31.81) 呕吐 7(1.69) 腹胀 105(25.30) 双下肢浮肿 6(1.45) 腹痛 63(15.18) 腹部包块 2(0.48) 乏力 58(13.98) 口干 2(0.48) 黄疸 42(10.12) 口苦 2(0.48) 消瘦 23(5.54) 咳嗽咳痰 2(0.48) 胸胁胀满 22(5.30) 胸闷气短 1(0.24) 纳差 19(4.58) 胃胀 1(0.24) 发热 12(2.89) 眩晕 1(0.24) 上腹部不适 10(2.41) 头疼 1(0.24) 恶心 9(2.17) 腰背酸困 1(0.24) 腰骶部疼痛 8(1.93) 表 2 415例PLC患者主要临床症状分布情况
Table 2. The distribution of primary clinical symptoms in 415 patients with PLC
主要临床症状 例(%) 主要临床症状 例(%) 纳差 294(70.84) 小便量少 64(15.42) 乏力 287(69.16) 双下肢浮肿 62(14.94) 肝区疼痛 280(67.47) 黄疸 58(13.98) 眠差 245(59.04) 胃胀 56(13.49) 腹胀 220(53.01) 胸胁胀满 46(11.08) 便秘 218(52.53) 胸闷气短 43(10.36) 消瘦 158(38.07) 咳嗽咳痰 36(8.67) 口干 131(31.57) 右侧胁肋疼痛 29(6.99) 小便色黄 124(29.88) 眩晕 25(6.02) 腹痛 121(29.16) 发热 24(5.78) 恶心 106(25.54) 反酸烧心 22(5.30) 口苦 92(22.17) 皮肤瘙痒 21(5.06) 呕吐 84(20.24) 上腹部不适 21(5.06) 腹泻 64(15.42) 面色萎黄 21(5.06) 表 3 415例PLC患者临床相关因素与中医证候分布情况
Table 3. Distribution of clinically relevant factors and Chinese medicine patterns in 415 patients with PLC
项目 例数 肝郁脾虚证 湿热蕴结证 气滞血瘀证 肝肾阴虚证 脾肾阳虚证 χ²值 P值 性别[例(%)] 34.214 <0.001 男 295 68(23.05) 66(22.37) 60(20.34) 34(11.53) 67(22.71) 女 120 38(31.67) 16(13.34) 18(15.00) 37(30.83) 11(9.17) 年龄[例(%)] 9.562 0.297 <60岁 162 39(24.07) 27(16.67) 37(22.84) 31(19.14) 28(17.28) 60~69岁 156 42(26.92) 35(22.44) 22(14.10) 21(13.46) 36(23.08) ≥70岁 97 25(25.77) 20(20.62) 19(19.59) 19(19.59) 14(14.43) 病程[例(%)] 48.390 <0.001 <1年 259 67(25.87) 66(25.48) 63(24.32) 30(11.58) 33(12.74) ≥1年 156 39(25.00) 16(10.26) 15(9.62) 41(26.28) 45(28.85) 临床分期[例(%)]1) 34.240 <0.001 早期 148 39(26.35) 36(24.32) 44(29.73) 13(8.78) 16(10.81) 中晚期 267 67(25.09) 46(17.23) 34(12.73) 58(21.72) 62(23.22) Child-Pugh分级[例(%)] 12.621 0.013 A/B级 332 91(27.41) 67(20.18) 68(20.48) 49(12.05) 57(17.17) C级 83 15(18.07) 15(18.07) 10(12.05) 22(26.51) 21(25.30) 乙型肝炎[例(%)] 6.470 0.167 有 249 62(24.90) 53(21.29) 54(21.69) 40(16.06) 40(16.06) 无 166 44(26.51) 29(17.50) 24(14.46) 31(18.67) 38(22.89) 肝内转移[例(%)] 28.380 <0.001 有 167 37(22.16) 27(16.17) 19(11.38) 43(25.75) 41(24.55) 无 248 69(27.82) 55(22.18) 59(23.79) 28(11.29) 37(14.92) 肝外转移[例(%)] 23.366 <0.001 有 214 56(26.17) 37(17.29) 25(11.68) 47(21.96) 49(22.90) 无 201 50(24.88) 45(22.39) 53(26.37) 24(11.94) 29(14.43) TACE[例(%)] 37.248 <0.001 有 174 61(35.06) 47(27.01) 29(16.67) 17(9.77) 20(11.49) 无 241 45(18.67) 35(14.52) 49(20.33) 54(22.41) 58(24.07) 射频消融[例(%)] 74.867 <0.001 有 108 12(11.11) 24(22.22) 13(12.04) 46(42.59) 13(12.04) 无 307 94(30.62) 58(18.89) 65(21.17) 25(8.14) 65(21.17) 注:1)早期为Ⅰ期与Ⅱ期,中晚期为Ⅲ期与Ⅳ期。
表 4 415例PLC患者中医证候影响因素的模型拟合信息
Table 4. Model fitting information of TCM pattern influencing factors in 415 PLC patients
项目 χ²值 P值 性别 25.641 <0.001 病程 37.924 <0.001 临床分期 3.095 0.542 Child-Pugh分级 21.990 <0.001 肝内转移 11.936 0.018 肝外转移 0.837 0.933 TACE 46.510 <0.001 射频消融 75.380 <0.001 表 5 415例PLC患者中医证候影响因素分析
Table 5. Impact factor analysis of Chinese medicine symptoms in 415 patients with PLC
证型 影响因素 β值 P值 OR 95%CI 湿热蕴结证 男性 0.711 0.048 2.036 1.005~4.121 病程<1年 1.043 0.004 2.837 1.385~5.810 临床Ⅰ和Ⅱ期 0.777 0.253 2.176 0.574~8.249 Child-Pugh A/B级 -0.998 0.067 0.368 0.126~1.074 肝内转移 0.479 0.296 1.614 0.658~3.961 肝外转移 0.086 0.886 1.090 0.335~3.549 TACE -0.046 0.891 0.955 0.499~1.831 射频消融 1.484 <0.001 4.408 1.937~10.035 气滞血瘀证 男性 0.646 0.067 1.908 0.956~3.806 病程<1年 0.840 0.021 2.317 1.132~4.741 临床Ⅰ和Ⅱ期 0.512 0.470 1.668 0.416~6.694 Child-Pugh A/B级 -0.162 0.795 0.850 0.251~2.885 肝内转移 0.448 0.368 1.566 0.590~4.159 肝外转移 -0.457 0.470 0.633 0.183~2.190 TACE -0.783 0.050 0.457 0.237~0.882 射频消融 0.661 0.148 1.937 0.790~4.747 肝肾阴虚证 男性 -0.109 0.786 0.897 0.410~1.962 病程<1年 -0.344 0.383 0.709 0.328~1.535 临床Ⅰ和Ⅱ期 0.493 0.515 1.636 0.371~7.218 Child-Pugh A/B级 -2.537 <0.001 0.079 0.024~0.262 肝内转移 1.633 0.003 5.117 1.735~15.090 肝外转移 0.072 0.911 1.075 0.304~3.796 TACE -1.769 <0.001 0.171 0.074~0.394 射频消融 3.467 <0.001 32.036 11.941~85.951 脾肾阳虚证 男性 1.656 <0.001 5.240 2.291~11.989 病程<1年 -0.955 0.005 0.385 0.197~0.751 临床Ⅰ和Ⅱ期 -0.321 0.643 0.725 0.187~2.820 Child-Pugh A/B级 -0.775 0.144 0.461 0.163~1.302 肝内转移 1.195 0.010 3.303 1.328~8.218 肝外转移 -0.075 0.901 0.928 0.285~3.020 TACE -1.980 <0.001 0.138 0.066~0.290 射频消融 0.606 0.207 1.833 0.715~4.697 -
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